fbpx

September 23, 2026

‘Let No Person Judge Himself’ — On the Apostate, Self-Hatred, and the Wrong Questions

Everyone is talking now about the film Naza, and in my view, they are asking the wrong questions. Did the twenty-four interviewees actually serve in Unit 8200? Is every detail they gave accurate? Are the images authentic? Are the things described moral or immoral? Of course facts matter, and certainly a functioning state must investigate serious allegations. But when Israel’s very existence is repeatedly placed in the defendant’s chair, we must not allow the factual questions posed by the accuser to become the only framework within which we explain ourselves. If we immediately enter that discussion, we have already accepted its rules of the game.

There are questions we should not allow to define the conversation. When someone asks, “Did the Holocaust really happen?” the Jewish response is not necessarily to open a file of documents and conduct the debate as though both possibilities were equally legitimate. There comes a moment when the very question reveals its purpose. Our strength also lies in the language with which we refuse to accept the premise of the questioner.

The Jewish people have already encountered many forms of rejection. Every exile formulated “the Jewish problem” differently. In Babylon, there was exile from the land. In the Greek world, the confrontation was with Torah and with the Jewish way of life: not necessarily that you Jews are the problem, but your Torah, your difference, your covenant. In the Christian world, the very existence of the Jew became a theological problem. Augustine did not seek to destroy the Jews; he wanted them preserved as witnesses to Scripture. In other words, even when the Jew was permitted to exist, his very existence required an explanation.

Later, harsher voices appeared. Martin Luther, who early in his life hoped that Jews would convert to Christianity, reached the end of his life writing virulently anti-Jewish texts. And here something disturbing becomes visible: sometimes even conversion does not solve “the problem.” The Jew is no longer judged only for his faith, but for the mere fact of being Jewish.

And here we come to one of the most difficult and astonishing phenomena in Jewish history: the apostate.

Who is the apostate in the deeper psychological sense of the word? Not merely someone who changed religions. Sometimes it is a Jew who seeks to escape belonging itself. He wants to be “normal,” to be accepted, to free himself from the burden, the memory, the covenant, the Jewish fate. But he discovers something painful: the other still sees him as a Jew. And the more he tries to distance himself, the more his origins pursue him.

Then an extreme psychological phenomenon may arise: in order to prove that he no longer belongs, it is not enough for him to be indifferent to Judaism. He must stand against it. It is not enough to say, “I do not believe.” He must say: They are guilty. They are corrupt. They are dangerous. He tries to free himself from the Jew within by condemning the Jew outside himself.

Not every Jewish critic is an apostate, of course, and not everyone who opposes Israeli policy suffers from self-hatred. We must not turn every political disagreement into betrayal. But the phenomenon of Jewish self-hatred exists, and it is ancient. There is a difference between criticism that comes from responsibility and love, and an almost psychological need to prove to the world: I am not one of them.

Throughout history we repeatedly encounter Jewish apostates who became among the fiercest accusers of their own people. Nicholas Donin, a Jewish apostate in the thirteenth century who converted to Christianity, brought accusations against the Talmud before the Church, leading to the Disputation of Paris and the burning of Talmudic manuscripts. Pablo Christiani, another Jewish apostate who became a Christian, played a central role in the Disputation of Barcelona against Nachmanides. In other periods other apostates appeared, and in the eighteenth century some among the Frankists also acted against the tradition from which they had emerged. This is not a marginal phenomenon in our history.

It appeared in modern Europe as well. There were Jewish thinkers, or thinkers of Jewish origin, who sought to distance themselves from Judaism to the point of internalizing antisemitic images. Otto Weininger’s book Sex and Character is one of the most extreme examples of this phenomenon: a man of Jewish origin who converted to Christianity and wrote about “the Jew” in deeply negative terms, almost as though he had to expel from himself something he could not bear.

And this is precisely where a film such as Naza becomes, in my view, more than another political work. When Jews take part in creating a work that portrays Israel and the IDF through the most extreme images of European evil, I do not think it can be understood only as a question of Left or Right. Here the question of the apostate appears again in its broader meaning: How far must a person go in order to prove to the world that he does not belong to the collective from which he came?

When Jewish creators such as Yuval Abraham and Rachel Shor place Israel inside such a framework, the question that interests me is not only whether every claim in the film is true or false. I am also interested in the psychological and historical question: Why does the Jew sometimes need to become the harshest voice against the Jewish collective itself? Why is criticism not enough, and why is a total indictment required?

I am not claiming that I know what motivates a particular person in the depths of his soul. We cannot know another person’s thoughts. But the historical phenomenon itself exists, and therefore it deserves to be examined.

Perhaps because there is nothing simple about being a Jew.

We are a small people that remained alive after exiles, expulsions, forced conversions, pogroms, and extermination. We lost sovereignty, lived scattered among other nations, and yet remained a people. And in the twentieth century, after nearly two thousand years, we returned to the same land and established a state there. It is difficult to find a historical story parallel to this one.

From the perspective of Jewish faith, this is not merely historical coincidence. It is covenant. “And I will establish My covenant… as an everlasting covenant.” A people with whom a covenant was made, with a memory that cannot be erased, with a longing that returns again and again to Zion. A miraculous people, possessing a history experienced from within as a history of Providence, survival, and return.

And perhaps that is the problem. A blessed people. That is what there is.

Once we are too weak, and once we are too strong. Once we were too “feminine,” powerless and without a state, and today we are too “masculine,” too armed, too sovereign. Once we were accused of having no homeland and living among other nations; today we are accused precisely because we have a homeland. Once the Jew was called a coward; today he is called an aggressor. Either way, in the end, he is guilty again.

When the Jew is on the cross, he can evoke compassion. When he comes down from the cross, stands on his own feet, and defends himself, suddenly, in the eyes of part of the world, he becomes Judas Iscariot.

This is one of the tragedies of the European discourse about Israel. Palestinians are, of course, human beings with suffering, rights, and a story of their own, and real suffering must be taken seriously. But there are moments when it seems that the issue is no longer only the Palestinians. Israel itself becomes the symbol onto which ancient European arguments about Judaism, Christianity, guilt, power, and redemption are projected.

That is why I do not believe that public diplomacy alone will solve the problem.

This does not mean that we should abandon truth, facts, or morality. Quite the opposite. We must examine ourselves rigorously. The prophets of Israel did not spare us. Isaiah, Jeremiah, Amos, and Micah did not say: The world hates us, therefore we are exempt from self-examination. On the contrary: they demanded more of us precisely because we are the people of the covenant.

If an Israeli soldier committed a forbidden act, it must be investigated. If a system failed, it must be examined. If indeed twenty-four people who served in Unit 8200 gave the testimony attributed to them, we must establish who they are, exactly what they said, in what context, and what is true. And if it turns out that people who entered the most sensitive systems of the state act against it or improperly disclose information, that becomes a serious internal question Israel itself must confront.

Internal criticism is not weakness. It is a profound part of the Jewish tradition.

But there is an enormous difference between Jewish self-examination and accepting an indictment against our very right to exist.

That is the distinction I am trying to make.

My own family history teaches me something about this as well. My grandparents in Persia lived in a world where Jews knew they had to keep a low profile. In my family it was told that Jews were even careful about how they stood in the rain, because of beliefs in the surrounding society about the “impurity” of the Jew, and that they did not always dare to wear clothes that were too new or conspicuous. My father’s uncles, tall and handsome men, insisted on wearing beautiful suits and appearing in the street with dignity, and at times they came into conflict with Muslims who attacked them for doing so. Eventually their father, Yehezkel, the physician to the Khan and the grandfather of my father, Yaakov Zion, understood that the time had come to rise and return to the land of their ancestors.

For me this is not an exotic story about Persia. It is part of a much larger Jewish story: generations of Jews who learned to make themselves smaller so as not to provoke the anger of the majority.

In Europe too, memory lives inside the very stones. One can walk through German cities and encounter memorial stones, plaques, and remnants of communities that were erased, sometimes embedded directly in the ground on which people walk every day.

And now we have returned to our land. Precisely for that reason, we cannot build our lives once again around the question of how to make the world love us.

We can and should build relationships with peoples and nations. Rabbi Allalouf suggests, for example, that Israel should not remain completely dependent on Europe and should strengthen its ties with the non-Western world: Japan, China, Singapore, and other Asian countries. One can debate the exact policy, but the principle matters: we should not build our entire future on the approval of a single continent.

And on the social level, we must understand that Jewish life has never been simple. At times the world will be hostile. At times a film like this will receive applause, prizes, and wide distribution. At times it will affect public opinion, economics, trade, international relations, and even Israel’s freedom of action in matters of security. We cannot ignore the price.

But neither can we live constantly asking permission.

There is no point in turning every trip abroad into a public-relations campaign and every encounter with a non-Jew into a test in which we must prove that we are “the good Jews.” No person in the world has the right to demand that we stand trial again and again for the very fact of our identity.

And here I return to the apostate.

Perhaps he is the most tragic figure in this story. The Jew who finally wants to be “like everyone else,” to be freed from the burden, the wars, the bereavement, the responsibility, the belonging. He wants the family of nations to accept him. But sometimes, in order to be accepted, he feels that he must bring with him, as a gift, the indictment against his own family.

And perhaps the harsher that indictment becomes, the more clearly he hopes to establish the distance between himself and his people.

But history teaches us that even this does not always succeed. The world does not necessarily forget his origin.

And now we arrive at the Ten Days of Return.

Perhaps it is no coincidence that this discussion comes now. Because true self-examination is not only asking what the world says about us. Self-examination begins with the question of what we say to ourselves: Who are we? Are we faithful to our own truth? Are we able to criticize ourselves without hating ourselves? Can we repair without dismantling? Can Left and Right, religious and secular, Sephardi and Ashkenazi still remember that they belong to the same story?

The strength of a people lies not only in its army. It lies in its identity, its memory, its mutual responsibility, and in knowing why it exists.

Perhaps there will always be those who accuse us. Perhaps there will always also be Jews who try to escape the Jewish story by attacking it. There is no need to despair of them, and there is no need to spend all our energy trying to persuade every person in the world.

We must do something far more difficult: become worthy of our covenant.

To be better. More honest. More successful. More prosperous. More united. Not united in our opinions — that has never been the Jewish people — but united in the knowledge that we depend upon one another.

And to remain awake to the Providence that hovers above us, guiding and directing us.

Perhaps this is the call of the Ten Days of Return: to examine ourselves without handing ourselves over to the judgment of those who hate us.

To engage in soul-searching without losing the soul.

To clarify the facts when necessary, but not to accept the premise of a question that asks us, every time anew, to prove our right to exist.

Our existence does not begin with the applause of the world, and it does not end with its condemnations.

It begins with the covenant.

And from there — with our responsibility to live within it.

We are moving into times where we can stop begging to be accepted- Israel is entrustued to be a light to the rest of the world. The light goes first – the rest will follow.


Gilla Nissan is a teacher and author.

‘Let No Person Judge Himself’ — On the Apostate, Self-Hatred, and the Wrong Questions Read More »

Israeli Ambassador Yechiel Leiter’s Son Undergoes Brain Surgery After West Bank Terror Attack

Neriya Leiter, an Israel Defense Forces reservist and son of Israeli Ambassador to the United States Yechiel Leiter, underwent hours of brain surgery Wednesday after being critically wounded in a vehicle-ramming terror attack on Route 443 in the West Bank.

Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem said Wednesday night that after undergoing lifesaving procedures in its trauma unit, Leiter underwent complex brain surgery lasting several hours along with additional treatments.

“His condition remains extremely critical and his life is in danger,” the hospital said in a statement.

The attack occurred at the Maccabim, or Bell, checkpoint near Modi’in, about 26 miles northwest of Jerusalem. Police said the assailant drove toward a Judea and Samaria District police vehicle and struck Leiter, seriously wounding him. The IDF said a reserve soldier was severely injured in the ramming attack and evacuated for medical treatment. Security forces shot and killed the attacker, identified by KAN Channel 11 in Israel as Mahmoud Muhammad Mahmoud Suleiman, 29, from the nearby village of Beit Ur al-Thaqa.

Earlier reports said Leiter was unconscious when taken to Shaare Zedek, where he received lifesaving treatment before being sedated and ventilated.

Ambassador Leiter departed the United States for Israel after learning of his son’s condition. He was scheduled to accompany Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for his upcoming address on Sept. 24 at the United Nations in New York. Leiter has served as Israel’s Ambassador to the U.S. since Jan. 27, 2025.

“I am grateful to the IDF, to the medical team at Shaare Zedek who are now fighting to save the life of Neriya Dov ben Chana, and for the prayers of the people of Israel,” Leiter said on X three hours after the attack. “I believe in the power of prayer, and I believe that when the people of Israel unite, miracles happen. Neriya needs a miracle.”

“I am grateful to the IDF, to the medical team at Shaare Zedek who are now fighting to save the life of Neriya Dov ben Chana, and for the prayers of the people of Israel. … I believe in the power of prayer, and I believe that when the people of Israel unite, miracles happen. Neriya needs a miracle.” – Yechiel Leiter

Neriya is the younger brother of Maj. (res.) Moshe Yedidya Leiter, who was killed fighting in Gaza in November 2023. Moshe served as a company commander in the 551st Brigade’s 697th Battalion.

On Aug. 30, less than a month before Wednesday’s attack, Ambassador Leiter spoke with The Journal in Los Angeles. While recounting a 2025 meeting with the editorial board of The New York Times, Leiter mentioned that the meeting took place on Nov. 10. He said the date marked 50 years since the 1975 United Nations resolution equating Zionism with racism. He then added, “It’s also the date my son was killed.”

Earlier that day, Leiter appeared on a panel at the Jewish American Summit in Los Angeles, where he spoke at greater length about Moshe.

“[Moshe] was my oldest of eight children. He was my best friend. He was 39,” Leiter said during the panel. “He had spent 15 years in special ops of the Air Force. He was a decorated officer, and they went to med school at the age of 33. He got his white jacket two months before the war, August of 23, and he was supposed to start his rounds in the hospital on Oct. 8, [2023].”

Leiter also spoke about Israelis who entered the fighting after Oct. 7.

“Normal people run away from fire. This generation of Jews ran into fire,” Leiter said. “Nobody told them. Nobody gave them orders. Their WhatsApps went off at 6:30 in the morning. They grabbed their personal weapons, they hopped into their personal cars and went sailing into danger and saved the country when we had a blackout.”

In his second post to X following the attack on Wednesday, Leiter wrote, “Neriya continued to serve in the reserves after losing his older brother, Moshe Yedidya Leiter, of blessed memory. Since Oct. 7, he has served hundreds of days in the reserves on multiple fronts. Palestinian terrorism seeks to uproot the people of Israel from their land. They choose death – we choose life.”

Israeli Ambassador Yechiel Leiter’s Son Undergoes Brain Surgery After West Bank Terror Attack Read More »

More Than a Toolkit: Helping Jewish Students Navigate Campus

In the first week of September, when Rabbi Noah Farkas dropped off his daughter at Columbia University, he did so knowing she was prepared to tackle whatever might come her way. After all, she was raised by parents who taught her to be confident, stand up for herself and know how to confront antisemitism. 

She was also there as he worked on the special toolkit Jewish Federation Los Angeles (JFEDLA) created for Jewish students heading back to college. The toolkit gives students practical information about how to navigate antisemitism on campus, explains their rights in plain language and provides direct links for reporting incidents, among other resources.

The CEO and President of JFEDLA knew his daughter had those tips and guidelines well memorized, so he gave her one last important piece of advice: “The purpose of being a student is not to be a warrior for the Jewish people. Your purpose is to grow as a human being, explore the city and write your own story, your own chapter.”

That’s how it should be really. Jewish students should go to school to explore, learn, meet new friends and exchange ideas. Unfortunately, after Oct. 7, 2023, Jewish students in campuses all around the United States had to deal with much more than how to score an A and leave a good impression on their fellow students.

And so the JFEDLA created a special toolkit to help Jewish students navigate campus life. First launched in 2024 and updated again this year, the guide offers practical resources and advice for navigating the current campus climate. Among its five key recommendations are building community, embracing Jewish joy, reporting incidents, understanding student protections and reaching out for help, including through the Blue Dove Foundation, a nonprofit that’s focused on mental health and addiction education, particularly within the Jewish community. The toolkit also includes resources such as a OneTable Shabbat guide designed to help students create community on campus, and Recustom – a platform designed to create, adapt and explore rituals from timeless Jewish traditions

But for Farkas, the toolkit is about more than knowing what to do when something goes wrong. It is about making sure Jewish students know they are part of a larger community that will be there for them. “Once you join the covenant you are never alone. ‘All Israel arevim ze laze’,” he said quoting the famous Talmudic saying that means that all Jews are responsible for one another. 

“We are one heart and one family. We know each other even though we don’t really know each other,” said Farkas. “I don’t know of any other international, multiethnic civilization that when one person is harmed, everyone else feels the responsibility to take care of that person, but it’s the way it is with the Jewish community. When there is a Russian Jew who can’t get out of Russia, the global Jewish community stops everything it’s doing to get him out.”

There is something positive that has come out of all the challenges Jewish students have faced on campuses during the past three years. The Jewish identity of so many Jewish students has never been as strong as it is today. You can see more Jewish students going to Hillel and Chabad on campus and engaging with other Jewish organizations. There are several reasons for that, including the need for community and, in the process, discovering the beauty of Jewish traditions.

But while they might feel more “Jewish,” there is also a heightened awareness of what it means to be visibly Jewish. Students, he said, are more conscious of whether they are wearing a Star of David or a kippah or a shirt with Hebrew letters. “If you have to think about what you are going to wear and how you present yourself, what language you’re going to use, and whether you have to code-switch,” said Farkas, “that is a symptom of feeling vulnerable.”

“Things are better and more stable, students aren’t afraid of being assaulted, but students are incredibly aware of their Jewish identity in a way they never had to be before. And so, to me, it’s the hallmark of being a vulnerable minority.”

The Federation also distributes printed copies of the toolkit through Hillels and synagogues, making sure that students have the information in hand before they head off to college. For parents, that can be reassuring as well: their children are not facing the challenges of campus life alone, and there are organizations, resources and people they can turn to if they need help. 

“One of the things that we are very good at is we put the toolkit and let it live in the world a little bit, and then we convene students three to six months from now and ask, ‘Have you used it? Was it helpful?’” said Farkas. “We also need to update the language continuously because Gen Z language is not the same one as a millennial language. I showed it to my daughter and she was like, ‘Aba, this is really lame.’ So, okay, I’m going back to the design team.”

For Farkas, the ultimate goal is to give Jewish students the freedom to enjoy their college years — to learn, explore, make friends and discover who they are without living in fear and doubt. The toolkit is there simply as an added resource, to make sure that if they ever need help, advice or a tip, it’s there for them, available and ready to use. 

More Than a Toolkit: Helping Jewish Students Navigate Campus Read More »

The Beat Goes On

In the 1960s, when Cher performed as one-half of a popular duo with her husband, Sonny Bono, they recorded songs as “Sonny and Cher.” One of their biggest hits was “The Beat Goes On.” I always thought the song’s title was a metaphor for the persistence and continuity of life: that despite all the turmoil and upheaval of a tumultuous era, there are things that remain constant: the beat goes on.

Having recently returned from two months in Israel, I keep thinking about that song.

We once assumed that antisemitism was a thing of the past—something discredited and unfashionable in a post-Holocaust world. Yet today, the political landscape is filled with candidates and public figures who openly traffic in antisemitic tropes. Some win elections without being meaningfully challenged for their hostility toward Jews, Israel, or Zionism.

We have seen Israeli flags burned in public to the cheers of crowds. Businesses owned by Jews or Israelis are defaced, and Jews are physically assaulted. College campuses have become centers of intense anti-Israel activism, with Jewish students bullied and intimidated. Even some elementary-school curricula distort Jewish history or minimize Jewish contributions to Western civilization.

And all of this is happening in the United States.

In parts of Europe, the situation is even more troubling. Jews are accosted in the streets of major cities, usually with no consequences for the perpetrators. Governments and political movements increasingly take positions hostile toward Israel and its very existence. Some countries have moved to restrict or sever business relationships with Israeli businesses and industries, while actions are taken to isolate and ostracize individual Israelis.

There is a bitter irony in all this. The attacks against Jews and Jewish businesses, the hostility toward Israel, and the efforts to isolate the Jewish state only underscore the very reason Israel exists: to provide a homeland and refuge for the Jewish people, a place where Jews can seek safety when they are threatened elsewhere.

And the hostility does not end in Europe or in segments of American society. Much of the most virulent anti-Israel sentiment emanates from the nations and radical Islamist organizations surrounding Israel. Iran and its proxies, while weakened have not given up pursuing their goal of destroying Israel. It, along with Turkey and Qatar, compete to see who can claim the title of most virulent opponent of the existence of the Jewish state.  

Yet, despite being surrounded by enemies who seek its destruction, despite a hostile world, despite security threats within and beyond its borders, despite the false and unfounded accusations constantly leveled against Israel — despite all this, the beat goes on.

With so much hostility and so many questioning and threatening its very existence, nevertheless, Israel continues to rank among the happiest countries in the world. When I was there this summer, I saw restaurants, coffee shops, shopping malls, roads, beaches, and cultural events filled with people—often young people—who simply want to enjoy life.

There was energy everywhere I looked—an unmistakable sense of vitality, creativity, and forward motion.  Construction cranes dot the landscape. New buildings are rising at an extraordinary pace. Transportation hubs and infrastructure are expanding. Technology, commerce, culture, and everyday life continue to move forward.

One could almost forget that much of the world is condemning and isolating the Jewish state.

Reflective of the optimism, resilience and determination is the song that has become almost a new national anthem.  Released in 2024, the song with a catchy tune and the refrain, “Od yoter tov, v’od yoter tov” — meaning “it will be better and even better” — became an instant hit.  Based on the teaching of a Bratzlaver Hasidic rabbi, Shalom Arush, it captures the essence of the Israeli perspective of faith in the face of tragedy.  

This is not to suggest that all is well or that Israel is somehow untouched by the events surrounding it. Far from it. Many Israelis are still coping with the trauma of the October 7, 2023 Hamas massacre and the war that followed. Families continue to grieve. Soldiers and civilians carry wounds — some visible, many not. 

And yet, life continues.

That may be the most striking thing I witnessed.

While so much of the world seems obsessed with and consumed by its hatred of Israel and Jews, Israelis continue to build, create, work, celebrate, argue, raise families, and plan for the future.

The threats are real. The pain is real. The uncertainty is real.

But so is the resilience.

The beat goes on.


Rabbi Stuart Weinblatt is chairman of the Zionist Rabbinic Coalition. 

The Beat Goes On Read More »

Viral AI Video Targets Jewish Comedian

Comedian Menachem Silverstein kept his phone off for the duration of Rosh Hashanah, as he always does. He’s a father of two children, an ordained rabbi and weekly performer at the Laugh Factory in Hollywood. When he turned his phone back on after Rosh Hashanah, over 40 text messages were waiting, and even more direct messages on social media. One came from a former friend who stopped talking to Silverstein after Oct. 7 and had blocked him.

“If he’s unblocking me to message me, something happened,” Silverstein told The Journal. Silverstein opened a link with a caption that said “comedian Menachem Silverstein makes a joke about Israel and walks a crowd.” The video came from the Chicago Laugh Factory and had 2 million views, Silverstein said.

There was one problem. The comedian onstage was someone else. Silverstein said his last appearance at the Chicago Laugh Factory came during a May tour. There’s even a video from 20 minutes into the set showing a packed audience laughing. “Everyone loved my set [in Chicago], it was really fun. I didn’t do anything specifically about Israel. I definitely did things about antisemitism and how it’s a problem, and I also did jokes about me being Jewish and my experience being Jewish, but nothing about Israel.”

As the video continues, Silverstein said, “you see it’s clearly not me on stage. And I’m all of a sudden scratching my head. I’m like, ‘What the hell is happening?’ And I look at the view count, the video has two million views.” Silverstein said the source footage came from an unrelated comedy prank at the Laugh Factory in Chicago. One comedian was blindfolded, given earmuffs and sent onstage. The crowd was told to exit while the comedian performed. After about five minutes, the performer took off the blindfold and found an empty room. 

“Now, someone takes that clip and tags something like, ‘when a comedian says he stands with Israel and walks the crowd,” Silverstein said. He had used a joke about Israel for one or two months after Oct. 7, 2023, and said he had not used it since then: “My name is Menachem and I stand with Israel. That’s not political. They’re just the only people that could pronounce my name,” Silverstein said.

Silverstein said the earliest post he found came from an X account called TruthSeeker. The false story then spread far beyond. “Then I type my name into Twitter and I see that this video has been re-shared over and over and over and over. And each one of the videos has hundreds of thousands, if not millions of views. I type my name into Google. There’s articles, there are Instagram videos, there are Facebook videos. This thing is everywhere,” he said.

Silverstein dove into various AI systems and saw that the false story is now being taken as fact. The Journal did its own searches and found the same. “Grok is now perpetuating it, Gemini is now perpetuating it, ChatGPT, Claude, every AI is saying that this is Menachem, blah, blah, blah. And I’m like, ‘What the hell’s happening?’ So I look into it a little bit deeper. I do 30 seconds of research that answers everything,” Silverstein said.

The claim reached conspiracy theorist Alex Jones’ show the next day. Silverstein estimated that posts across Facebook, Instagram and Twitter had combined for nearly 10 million views. Less than five hours after Silverstein spoke with The Journal, he learned that the claim had been picked up by Al Jazeera. On Sept. 13, Al Jazeera published an article that identified Silverstein as the comedian in the clip and said audience members left after he announced support for Israel. The article used a photo of Silverstein and said the supposed walkout left him in front of empty seats. It described the audience’s departure as a protest against Silverstein’s position and included social-media posts that praised the supposed walkout.

The article then used the supposed incident as part of a broader discussion about pro-Israel speech, entertainment and the war in Gaza, including whether political positions can affect an artist’s relationship with an audience. The page listed its source as “SOCIAL MEDIA.”

Silverstein’s account contradicts the event Al Jazeera described. “In the past, trolls would have to clip videos of comedians out of context to cancel them. Now it’s not even taking me out of context, it’s completely fabricating every element of this. There was no statement of Israel made. They didn’t walk out because of Israel. I had no association with the show. I wasn’t on the show,” Silverstein said.

For Silverstein, “walking the crowd” carries a separate problem inside the comedy business.

“A comedian who ‘walks the crowd’ means, you’re not funny and the crowd walks out on you,” Silverstein said. He worries that the insinuation that he has ever had a crowd walk out on him could hurt bookings when clubs outside Los Angeles search his name.

“Unless the record has been set straight, I won’t get booked.” Silverstein worries that a booker unfamiliar with him could search his name, encounter the false story and decide that any potential controversy is not worth the trouble. “Even if they’re pro-Israel, it’s just like they don’t want a controversial figure who will cause people to demand refunds,” Silverstein said.

Silverstein said Instagram users have sent comments and DMs, his account has been reported for terms of use violations, TikTok videos have been removed for violations and required him to submit appeals, and his Instagram’s reach has dropped, despite having more than 53,000 followers. Silverstein also said he has received death threats, “Things like, ‘you stupid Jew, I’m going to kill you,’ that kind of unfortunately normal banter,” Silverstein said. 

“The biggest concern, is not even for me, the biggest concern is that people now have a pathway to shut down Jewish voices through complete falsities that people will believe,” Silverstein said. “For the future of Jewish entertainment, it’s very scary.”

He remains hopeful and optimistic that the tides will turn and people will catch on to how insane it is that Jewish entertainers are being targeted and for things they had nothing to do with. “I hope that people will now start posting and hopefully news outlets will pick it up to point out how insane and ridiculous the story is and then flip it to, ‘I was attacked, they tried to silence me and I won’t stay silent,” Silverstein said. “Tonight I’m going to the Laugh Factory [in Hollywood], I’m going to do a set, I’m going to bring it up, I’m going to talk about it.”

He wants to fight the false story in the same place the trouble began for him: with a joke. “I think that the lesson, what I’m trying to do is Tikkun Olam, the Or Olam, and the Jewish outlook on the situation, which is we are going to dispel the darkness with light, and I’m trying to push the truth, and I feel like the truth always floats to the top, and I think trying to sue and trying to crush is not going to work. If anything, it can make the controversy worse, but if we can spread the truth and spread the light and the love and the joy and turn it into a big joke and show how ridiculous it is, I think that’s what’ll ultimately fix it.”

Viral AI Video Targets Jewish Comedian Read More »

Yiddish Historians: Writing in Their Own Language for Their Own People

In “Building and Consoling a Nation: The Yiddish Historians in their Own Words — Selected Works Newly Translated into English,” Mark Smith has compiled an important anthology of Jewish history using 49 works by Yiddish historians to recreate or at least open the door to a world of Jewish thought that was once almost mainstream, but which no longer exists, except in the minds of too few specialists. Jewish history had been the subject of his “leisure reading” since childhood. His maternal uncle, a former Jewish educator, would bring him leading books on Jewish history, all in English. Later, when he began to read Jewish history in Yiddish, he discovered that, by contrast, the Yiddish works were not written incidentally in Yiddish but were part of a cultural system that existed entirely in Yiddish. 

He found that two preconceptions are common among American Ashkenazi Jews. The first is that their own half-remembered or imagined view of Yiddish language and culture captures the whole of it. The second — perhaps because we live in an age when English is the lingua franca of Jewish scholarship — is that, since the content of Jewish historical writing in English is largely independent of language, the same should be true in other languages, including Yiddish. Thus, they are unaware of scholarly writing in Yiddish and believe that if such writing exists, it would be language-neutral. 

Smith coined the expression “Yiddish historians” to describe a group of scholars who undertook the task of giving historical consciousness to the Yiddish-oriented national movement that arose in Eastern Europe between the world wars — and which continued as long as Yiddish remained a spoken vernacular (outside of Hasidic Jewish communities). His contention: these historians used Jewish sources of information wherever possible, often solicited from the Jewish public and, in turn, wrote about the history of Ashkenazi Jewry — for an educated lay audience of Yiddish speakers — in their own national language. 

The Yiddish national-cultural context is the main theme of this book and of his previous book on the Yiddish historians of the Holocaust. Historians who chose to work significantly in Yiddish created a distinct school of historical thought that is found in their Yiddish writings, one that was conducted well before the internet through worldwide conversations among themselves and their readers. Despite their many disagreements about politics and historical method, they shared a research agenda that focused on the “internal” aspects of Jewish life, including the economic, legal, literary, religious and social organization of Jewish communities, largely with a positive view of Jewish history. The Yiddish historians focused on how Jews lived, less so on how they were persecuted and murdered, in contrast to prior and contemporaneous Jewish, and non-Jewish, historians. 

The book is unique. As Smith points out, it would be hard to think of another language in which professional historians wrote the history of their own people and that thereafter fell into disuse among that very audience. Typically, the suppressed languages of literate colonized peoples, the Irish or Welsh for example, have become a vehicle for scholarly work during a stage of national revival, not following linguistic decline. As a result, Yiddish may well be unique in having a body of modern, professional scholarship that has become increasingly unreadable even by its own populace.

Most Jewish historians of Eastern Europe began their work in other languages, such as Russian, Polish or Hebrew, and turned deliberately to Yiddish for national and popular purposes to reach their people. Most of them can also be included in more than one national or language community. Few wrote exclusively in Yiddish. Smith uses the term “Yiddish historian” for those who wrote to a significant degree for a Yiddish-speaking audience as part of a consciously national-Yiddish culture. 

Before the Holocaust, Jewish historians in Eastern Europe struggled for inclusion in mainstream academia. Polish historical journals, for example, would publish reviews of Polish works by Jewish historians, often very critical of their statements on Polish-Jewish relations or the role of Jews in Polish economic history, but virtually never articles by Jewish historians themselves. Many Jewish historians were able to expand in positive directions by turning to Yiddish and writing for their own people. 

If prewar Eastern Europe had been like postwar America, there might have been no Yiddish national movement. But historians such as Jacob Shatzky and Isaiah Trunk would, respectively, come to regret the choice to write in Yiddish and begin to publish in English. Trunk’s award-winning “Judenrat” was written originally in Yiddish. Smith emphasizes that what had been liberating before the war became confining after the war. Too few would read the work, and thus its impact would be minor at best. A major theme of Smith’s work on the Yiddish historians of the Holocaust is that their works would achieve great influence, especially on topics related to internal Jewish life under German occupation, but only a generation or two after the fact, with their eventual translation or a turn to publishing in English.  

After the Holocaust, the surviving scholars who experienced the catastrophe at first hand felt a personal commitment to their fellow survivors, both to research every aspect of the Jewish experience of Nazi domination and, especially, to answer the ultimate Jewish question of the Holocaust—how could this have happened to us? 

Smith discovered that the topic most widely studied among all Yiddish historians came to be that of resistance, particularly the unarmed resistance without which there would have been no survivors. They succeeded at times in expanding their readership, but they would never have abandoned their chief constituents, the survivors as well as the Jews who left Eastern Europe before the war but retained ties to family and community and an allegiance to the Yiddish language. 

Their unique contribution was a view of the Yiddish-speaking Jews of Eastern Europe as a national group defined, within the larger Jewish context, by a shared history and culture that transcended the boundaries of their home countries. These historians fashioned a Jewish history of shared culture and internal relations that was more portable and independent of physical landmarks than earlier or parallel schools of Jewish history. Even the exception, of focusing on a specific location to establish the age and contributions of a given Jewish community, was in the service of national self-defense. 

How did this second-generation, English-speaking Los Angeles native begin?

Smith was fortunate to begin collecting Yiddish books in the early 1990s when they were still in used bookstores and, more often, in the libraries of older Yiddish readers then being disbursed. He collected and read widely, both in literature and nonfiction, but found that history remained his field — and Yiddish his language. 

With time, he collected articles written by historians in dozens of well-known and obscure Yiddish journals and periodicals, as well as Yizkor books. He collected not only the historians’ original works, but their reviews of each other’s works — a conversation that extended, over the decades, from St. Petersburg to Warsaw, Berlin, Paris, New York, Tel Aviv, Jerusalem, even Lincoln, Nebraska, and, on occasion, to Latin America and South Africa. 

He recreated the process pioneered by Simon Dubnow and his followers in the early 20th century, of first gathering an archive of materials on which to base their work — and collecting almost indiscriminately until they had done their best to exhaust the field. 

He considered his method “preventive research,” not knowing what would become important, but attempting to collect everything. He tried to let these writers speak to him, tell what themes were broadly shared, which individuals had specialties or areas of divergence, until he had arrived at some understanding of how these historians conceived of the study of Jewish history.  An early result was his Ph.D. in Jewish history at UCLA.

In writing his prior book on Holocaust historiography, he regretted that the earlier, formative, period of Yiddish historical work could be discussed there only as an introduction to the broader subject. In essence, this new anthology redresses that omission by covering the entire period of modern historical writing in Yiddish, from the early to late 20th century. Second, it serves as a companion volume in offering at length the historians’ own words that are quoted only briefly in the prior book. It allows readers to evaluate for themselves his interpretations of their works, and, above all, it allows the Yiddish historians themselves to breathe again.

The book is available for free download at https://uplopen.com and at Amazon, courtesy of the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.


Michael Berenbaum is director of the Sigi Ziering Institute and a professor of Jewish Studies at American Jewish University. This review is an outgrowth, a condensation and editing of the conversation between Mark Smith and the reviewer that begins this new book.

Yiddish Historians: Writing in Their Own Language for Their Own People Read More »

The Everlasting Melody

There are melodies we learn.

And then there are melodies that somehow feel as though we have always known them.

Every Shabbat, in synagogues across the world, as the Torah is returned to the Ark, Jews sing words from the Book of Proverbs:

“It is a tree of life to those who hold fast to it.”

The words are ancient, drawn from Proverbs 3:18, where King Solomon describes the Torah as a tree of life to those who grasp it. But the melody so many of us instinctively hear when we read them is not.

It was written in the last century by a young Jewish musician named Tanchum Gershon Portnoy.

Portnoy passed away this Rosh Hashanah at the age of 75. He composed his beloved “Eitz Chaim” melody when he was just 22 years old and recorded it on his 1975 album, Tanchumim.

And then something extraordinary happened. He gave the song to the world.

It traveled from synagogue to synagogue, community to community, country to country. I grew up singing that very tune all the way down under in Melbourne, Australia. Years later, I heard it sung in Honolulu. I also found myself chanting those same notes at a Jewish conference in Riga. 

Different hemispheres. Different communities. Different Jewish worlds. 

Somehow, the melody had arrived before me.

Someone heard it and taught it to someone else. A cantor introduced it to a congregation. A child learned it beside a parent and carried it into adulthood. Voice by voice, generation by generation, Portnoy’s melody quietly made its way around the Jewish world.

There was no marketing campaign. No viral video. No influencers or algorithm recommending it to millions. It traveled the old-fashioned Jewish way: from person to person, voice to voice, generation to generation.

Eventually, Portnoy’s melody became so ubiquitous that many people stopped knowing it was Portnoy’s at all. In some places, it was labeled simply “traditional.”

There is something profoundly Jewish about that.

A person creates a melody.

A community carries it.

A generation inherits it.

And eventually, nobody asks who owns it. Because it belongs to everyone.

When authorship becomes inheritance.

We live in an age obsessed with attribution. We count followers, likes, downloads and impressions. We watermark our work and build personal brands. We want to know who created something and whether they received appropriate credit for it.

But Portnoy’s story offers another conception of impact.

Perhaps there is a form of influence even greater than having your name remembered: creating something so meaningful that it becomes part of the vocabulary of a people.

Most Jews who have sung Eitz Chaim over the past half-century probably never knew Portnoy. They did not know when he wrote the melody or how young he was when he composed it. They simply knew the song.

And perhaps that is precisely the point.

Jewish civilization has always depended on people willing to contribute something to a story much larger than themselves.

We inherit customs whose origins have faded into history. Melodies passed from grandparents who learned them from grandparents. Ideas whose authors have disappeared while the ideas themselves remain vibrantly alive.

We are beneficiaries of countless people whose names we will never know.

They built institutions. They taught children. They opened their homes. They composed melodies. They preserved traditions. They gave something away without knowing where it would eventually travel.

Portnoy now joins that extraordinary chain. The melodies that unite our disagreements.

His passing also comes at a moment when the Jewish people could use the lesson embedded in his music.

We waste enormous amounts of energy on matters that only separate us.

Orthodox. Conservative. Reform. Secular. Ashkenazi. Sephardi. Israeli. Diaspora. Left. Right.

Our disagreements are real. Some are important. Jewish unity has never meant Jewish unanimity. But then Shabbat arrives.

A Torah scroll is lifted. And somewhere in Melbourne, Manhattan, Jerusalem, London or Johannesburg, Jews who might disagree about almost everything begin singing.

And often, remarkably, they sing the same tune. Think about that.

Without a central authority mandating it or a committee coordinating it, a melody has crossed the boundaries we spend so much time constructing.

“Eitz Chaim” does not ask how you vote. It does not ask which synagogue you attend or which Jewish label you use. It simply gives us a few moments in which our voices can meet.

Maybe unity does not require uniformity. Maybe we do not need to erase our differences to remember our shared destiny. 

There is particular poignancy in Portnoy’s passing on Rosh Hashanah, just as one Jewish year ended and another began.

The days from Rosh Hashanah through Yom Kippur asked us to examine the lives we are building. But they also asked us to look beyond ourselves and consider the Jewish future we are building together.

What will we pass on?

What will our children inherit from us?

Which institutions, values, rituals, ideals and melodies will endure?

Around the world on this Shabbat, Torah scrolls will once again be read, lifted, embraced and eventually returned.

And something beautiful will happen. Jews will begin singing a melody written more than half a century ago by a 22-year-old man who could never have imagined how far those notes would travel.

Perhaps this week we can listen a little more carefully.

Listen to the person beside you. Listen to a congregation united in song. Listen to a melody crossing generations.

Listen to the extraordinary sound of something that once belonged to one person becoming the inheritance of an entire people.

Rabbi Jonathan Sacks taught us that Judaism is built on a covenant that came before us and continues forever after. Our task is not merely to receive that inheritance, but to add something worthy to it before passing it forward.

Tanchum Gershon Portnoy did exactly that.

He gave the Jewish people an everlasting melody. 

“It is a tree of life to those who hold fast to it.”

Perhaps Portnoy’s life leaves us with one more question as 5787 begins:

What can each of us create, teach, build or give that might continue singing after we are gone?

“Eitz Chaim”’s gentle melody reminds us that our souls are bound to its symphonic refrain.

May Tanchum’s memory be a blessing. 


Rabbi Daniel Kraus serves as vice president of Strategic Partnerships at the Birthright Israel Foundation and Director of Community Education at Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun in New York. 

The Everlasting Melody Read More »

We Made This Mistake With Social Media. Let’s Not Make It Again With AI.

I have a confession to make: I find the great debate over whether artificial intelligence is going to save humanity or bring about the apocalypse profoundly uninteresting.

Perhaps AI will cure cancer, eliminate mindless work, unlock unimaginable scientific discoveries and usher in an era of human flourishing. Perhaps it will destroy millions of jobs, hollow out our brains, flood the internet with synthetic garbage and eventually decide that humanity was an unfortunate beta test. I have no idea, and neither, I suspect, does anyone else.

I also have surprisingly little interest in figuring out how AI is going to reshape every aspect of my family’s existence. Maybe that comes from a place of protectiveness. Maybe I simply hate the idea that a handful of technology companies and their executives could have such an enormous role in determining how our children learn, how we work, how we consume information and how we interact with one another, while the rest of us have remarkably little say in the matter.

Or maybe it comes from having spent considerable time in parts of the world where the conversation about transformative technology feels almost absurdly detached from daily life. I have lived and worked in communities where access to clean water, reliable electricity and quality education are not the norm. Against that backdrop, listening to wealthy people debate whether artificial intelligence is going to transform humanity can sometimes feel like a conversation about which humanity we are actually talking about.

Or perhaps I just find the whole thing a little boring. Call me crazy.

What interests me far more is the considerably less cinematic question of what happens between now and the arrival of either utopia or Armageddon (or neither), because whatever AI eventually becomes, today it is a collection of extraordinarily powerful products being built by extraordinarily powerful companies competing for market share, capital, talent and dominance.

We should dispense with some of the romanticism surrounding this industry and recognize these companies for what they are: corporations seeking to make enormous amounts of money. That is not an indictment of capitalism. It is how capitalism works. Companies identify opportunities, exploit advantages, capture markets and maximize profits, and when protecting the public conflicts with those objectives, history gives us very little reason to assume that the public interest will prevail voluntarily.

There is therefore no reason to grant AI companies the benefit of the doubt. When safety conflicts with growth, we should expect growth to frequently win; when restraint threatens market share, restraint becomes considerably less attractive; and when voluntarily delaying a product means allowing a competitor to capture millions of users, it would be foolish to expect executives to choose the public good over the commercial interests of the companies they are paid to lead.

The executives running these companies also have no democratic mandate to decide how much risk the rest of society should tolerate. They did not receive one because they founded a successful company, raised billions of dollars or built a remarkable piece of technology. If their products are in fact going to transform humanity, then the public has every right to establish the terms under which that transformation occurs.

We have already made a version of this mistake with social media, where the early promise of a great democratizing force that would connect humanity, expand access to information and give ordinary people a voice eventually collided with a business model that turned human attention and rage bait into a commodity. The platforms discovered that understanding and exploiting our psychological vulnerabilities could be extraordinarily profitable, and they built increasingly sophisticated products designed to keep us scrolling, clicking, reacting and returning.

It’s not up for debate – social media platforms have contributed to an information environment rife with harassment, hate, conspiracy theories, extremist content and mis-/disinformation, while features designed to maximize engagement have created particularly serious concerns for children and adolescents.

The companies behind these platforms also did not simply stand by as the evidence of these harms mounted. For years, major platforms fought regulation, deployed armies of lobbyists and lawyers, challenged restrictions in court and resisted efforts to impose greater responsibility for what happened on products they designed, controlled and monetized, while Washington repeatedly failed to summon the political will necessary to meaningfully constrain them.

Consider Section 230, a provision of the Communications Decency Act passed in 1996, when AOL was mailing CDs to American households and Mark Zuckerberg wasn’t bar mitzvahed. The basic principle behind this type of protection is easy enough to understand through an analogy. If I picked up the telephone and told a friend I was going to kill someone, I could be held responsible for that threat, but the phone company would not be liable simply because I used its network to make it. The phone company provided the means of communication; it did not decide what I said, whom I said it to, encourage me to say it, or reward me for saying it.

Section 230 gave emerging online services a powerful version of that intermediary protection. Online platforms generally could not be treated as the publisher of something simply because one of their users posted it, which made considerable sense for an early internet in which a service hosting millions of conversations could hardly be expected to assume legal responsibility for every sentence typed by every person using it.

The problem is that today’s social media platforms bear very little resemblance to a telephone line.

When you pick up the phone, Verizon does not listen to your conversation, determine which statements make you angriest, search through millions of other conversations for even more provocative material and then start piping those conversations into your ear because an algorithm has calculated that outrage will keep you on the phone longer. You choose whom to call, you choose whether to continue the conversation and, if your friend starts spouting hateful rubbish, at least the rubbish came from the person you chose to speak with.

Social media fundamentally altered that relationship. Its algorithms decide what billions of people see, recommend what they should see next and learn from every click, pause, like and share what will keep each individual engaged. Hate, conspiracy theories, radical content and outrage do not simply sit somewhere on these platforms waiting for someone to find them. Recommendation systems spoon-feed users material they never requested because the system has learned that provocative content keeps them watching.

Yet these companies benefited for years from a legal and political framework rooted in the notion that the underlying speech belonged to somebody else. Section 230 is not absolute immunity and it is not responsible for every failure of technology regulation, but the broader arrangement became increasingly difficult to justify as platforms designed the systems selecting and amplifying what people saw, profited enormously from the attention those systems generated and then distanced themselves from responsibility by emphasizing that somebody else created the underlying content.

Policymakers should have confronted that contradiction much earlier, rather than allowing the companies to scale first and asking the hard questions later. By treating regulation as something that should arrive only after harm had been conclusively demonstrated, quantified and litigated, we gave the platforms years to capture markets, normalize their products and make themselves nearly indispensable to modern life before seriously debating the rules under which they should operate.

AI companies should not receive the same luxury, and part of preventing that outcome begins with consumers because these products are useful, which is precisely what makes dependence so easy.

Parents should be deeply skeptical about allowing children to outsource intellectual development to machines. Teachers should establish strict rules governing when AI can be used, with serious consequences for students who violate them. School districts should be developing policies now that preserve the development of critical thinking, writing, research and problem-solving skills, while universities need to determine what intellectual work students must still be capable of performing without machine assistance.

Adults should apply the same scrutiny to ourselves. If AI is making you less capable of writing, thinking, remembering, navigating, researching or making decisions independently, perhaps the appropriate response is not simply to celebrate how much time you saved, but to ask whether the convenience is actually worth what you are giving up. There is something bizarre about worrying that artificial intelligence will eventually surpass human intelligence while eagerly outsourcing every task that requires us to exercise our own.

Consumers were also part of the failure of the social media era. We knew these products were manipulating our attention, watched what they were doing to our children, our politics, our information environment, complained about it endlessly and then opened the apps again. We never built a sustained consumer movement capable of seriously affecting the companies’ bottom lines, which made government and civil society even more important at precisely the moment when both proved far too slow to respond.

We cannot afford the same timidity with AI, particularly as we begin hearing familiar arguments about why meaningful regulation should wait: policymakers do not understand the technology, regulation could stifle innovation, America cannot afford to fall behind China and the technology is changing too quickly for laws to keep pace. There will never be a perfect regulatory framework for a technology that is constantly changing, and insisting upon one before acting effectively allows the companies developing these systems to set the rules themselves.

Government should instead establish meaningful standards for safety and transparency, give independent researchers access to study these systems, strengthen protections for children and subject particularly high-risk applications to independent testing and oversight. Policymakers should also be willing to overregulate and correct course where necessary. If a rule turns out to be unnecessary, burdensome or poorly designed, we can change it. It is much harder to claw back control after a technology has become deeply embedded in society and billions of people have become dependent on it.

Nor are policymakers starting from scratch. Organizations such as the Center for AI and Digital Policy, Encode, the Center for Countering Digital Hate and Fathom are already advancing approaches to AI accountability that policymakers can draw upon. The objective should not be getting every rule right on the first attempt, but acting, studying the consequences and adjusting where necessary rather than allowing the absence of universal agreement to become an excuse for paralysis.

Civil society needs to move just as quickly. During the social media era, children’s advocates, civil rights organizations, Jewish organizations, democracy groups and others spent too long treating technology as somebody else’s policy problem, only to discover that they were confronting different manifestations of problems traveling through the same technological infrastructure. Those coalitions should be built now, while the rules around AI are still being written. AI companies are already devoting enormous resources to shaping the political environment in which they will operate, and civil society needs to approach the task with comparable seriousness.

Jewish philanthropy has a particular reason to understand this lesson because, for too many years, much of the Jewish communal world was absent from the technology accountability debate. We subsequently watched social media become an extraordinarily effective vehicle for antisemitism, conspiracy theories, extremist recruitment and harassment. Jewish organizations have since spent enormous sums responding to those downstream harms, but we had far too little skin in the game when it came to advancing the policies, coalitions and regulatory efforts that might have held the platforms accountable much earlier.

By the time much of the Jewish communal world recognized that technology accountability should be a serious priority for philanthropy and advocacy focused on countering antisemitism, the architecture and incentives of the social internet had already been built, and we have been paying for that late arrival ever since.

Jewish philanthropy cannot afford to make the same mistake with artificial intelligence. Funders should be strengthening the organizations, coalitions, researchers and policy advocates working to regulate both social media and AI, while Jewish institutions should be sitting alongside children’s advocates, civil rights organizations, democracy groups, educators and others whose interests overlap with ours.

Jewish philanthropy cannot afford to make the same mistake with artificial intelligence. Funders should be strengthening the organizations, coalitions, researchers and policy advocates working to regulate both social media and AI, while Jewish institutions should be sitting alongside children’s advocates, civil rights organizations, democracy groups, educators and others whose interests overlap with ours.

This does not require creating some separate Jewish AI agenda. It requires recognizing that technology policy is now inseparable from many of the issues Jewish philanthropy already spends enormous amounts of money addressing, and that continually funding organizations to respond to harms downstream while ignoring the systems helping to produce and distribute those harms upstream is neither sufficient nor particularly strategic.

We can spend the next decade funding organizations to combat AI-generated antisemitism, synthetic propaganda, extremist recruitment, harassment and whatever other manifestations emerge after the technology has already reshaped society, or we can invest now in the coalitions and policy infrastructure capable of influencing the rules before the architecture becomes nearly impossible to change. In reality, we will probably have to do both, but our experience with social media leaves us without an excuse for ignoring the second.

I remain agnostic about whether artificial intelligence will ultimately save civilization or destroy it, and I still find much of that debate remarkably boring. What concerns me is something far less theoretical: a relatively small collection of extraordinarily wealthy companies is racing to make its products indispensable to billions of people while governments, civil society and the public are once again struggling to keep pace.

We should view these companies with the same healthy skepticism we would apply to any other industry asking society to trust that it can police itself while pursuing enormous profits in a brutally competitive market. Their executives are not elected representatives, they have no special mandate to determine how much risk society should tolerate and assurances about responsible innovation should never substitute for enforceable rules created by institutions accountable to the public.

The failure of the social media era was not simply that we failed to predict what would happen. It was that we continued giving technology companies the benefit of the doubt long after there were compelling reasons not to, allowing products and business models with profound consequences for public life to become deeply entrenched before imposing anything approaching adequate accountability.

Having lived through that experience once, we have no excuse for handing AI companies the same freedom and hoping that this time they will somehow police themselves. 


Coby Schoffman is a Los Angeles–based serial social entrepreneur and the founder of The Nation Foundation (TNF), which operates project zones across East Africa. Schoffman holds an MSc in Transnational Security from New York University and a BA in Counterterrorism and Conflict Resolution from Reichman University. The views expressed are his own and do not reflect those of any affiliated organization.

We Made This Mistake With Social Media. Let’s Not Make It Again With AI. Read More »

Rosner’s Domain | Who Is to Blame for Antisemitism?

Why is there antisemitism? It is a question that has filled countless volumes, a question that has yielded answers of all kinds and a question that has one forbidden answer: the Jews are to blame.

Obviously, the Jews are not to blame. Obviously, blaming the Jews is victim-blaming. And yet, from time to time, there are those who do just that. Naturally, quite a few antisemites blame the Jews (they blame the Jews for so many things, so why not blame them for the very fact that they are blamed for everything else?). Somewhat less naturally, quite a few Jews blame the Jews  – which is to say, themselves. Not personally, of course, but collectively. We beat our chests and say: Ashamnu (we have sinned)!

In what way have we sinned? Some will say: it is because Jews do not fulfill their obligation to be God-fearing. Antisemitism is their divine punishment. Others will say: it is because Jews are unwilling to live like any normal nation. At the dawn of Zionism, some believed this was the primary driver of antisemitism. Let the Jews normalize their condition, take a piece of land, establish a state and antisemitism will vanish.

You can still hear the “divine punishment” argument among Jews today. The “normalcy” argument can still be heard as well, but it has undergone a shift. One can no longer say, “Let the Jews take a piece of land and antisemitism will disappear” – because they have already done that. What one can certainly say is: “Let the Jews change their conduct and policies on that piece of land they took, and antisemitism will disappear.” In other words: one can blame Israel, its leadership, its society and its policies for antisemitism, or for some of it, or for its sudden outbreaks.

Who blames Israel for the rise in antisemitism? We do, too – we Israelis.

True, a third of us believe the surge in antisemitism is “not at all due to Israel’s policies.” There is no connection. This marks a slight increase in those distancing from the discourse of responsibility – or blame –  compared to last year. And if you look not at all Israelis, but only at Israeli Jews, the share of those who reject casting any blame on Israel has risen from 38% to 44%. On the other hand, a third of Israelis do believe that antisemitism – worldwide – is rising “to a large extent” because of Israel’s policies. By the way, it is primarily among Arab Israelis that we see a significant jump in those attributing antisemitism “to a large extent” to Israeli policies (from 42% to 58%).

The question of whether Israel bears some responsibility for antisemitism carries psychological weight. There is a difference between a state of victimhood and a state of taking responsibility. Victimhood leads Israelis to the conclusion that nothing can be done. It’s not our fault, and it’s not in our hands to fix it. Victimhood is not a desirable state. It breeds fatalism. On the other hand, taking responsibility – which is a desirable state – can lead to illusion, or megalomania. If Jews come to believe that they are responsible for the existence of antisemitism, and that changing their policies is the key to fixing it, they are likely in for bitter disappointment after a series of failed attempts. Just as Zionism did not eradicate antisemitism, updating our policies will not eradicate it either.

And, of course, the greatest danger is the danger of sweeping conclusions. The conclusion that there is absolutely nothing we can do, versus the conclusion that we have the power to fix the glitch. The practical question probably requires a more moderate response: change what needs changing, in order to fix what can be fixed; stand firm on things that are too dangerous to change, even if doing so contributes to the deterioration.

Is this how Israelis respond? No. In a world of polarized, binary choices, most give a definitive answer. A majority (57%) say that nothing should be changed (perhaps because there is no point in changing if policy isn’t what generates the antisemitism to begin with; or perhaps because it is too dangerous to change, even if sticking to current policies contributes to it).

Moreover, Israelis hold an expansive interpretation of what constitutes the very “antisemitism” that must either be corrected or accepted as unfixable. For example: A large majority of Israelis believe that an academic boycott of Israel is not merely an “anti-Israel” action, but an “antisemitic” one (I agree with them). Most believe that international pressure on Israel, including punitive measures over the humanitarian situation in Gaza, is also an expression of antisemitism.

Where are they divided? On the question of whether a foreign nation’s recognition of a Palestinian state is an expression of antisemitism. Just like last year, roughly four-in -10 believe it is. These are, naturally, the Israelis whose stance on the Palestinian state question is one of absolute rejection — not only now, under prevailing circumstances, but in any future, hypothetical, optimistic scenario. This, too, must be said: the question of “who is an antisemite” elicits many kinds of answers. With some, it is easy to agree; over others, one can argue; and some simply reflect the less plausible notion: “An antisemite is anyone who disagrees with me.”

Something I wrote in Hebrew

The prize-winning documentary “NAZA” by Israeli filmmakers makes the case that Israel’s operations in Gaza are much too brutal and fail to consider the lives of civilians. I thought that Israel’s response to the release of the film was, well … 

A state confident that it is right is not supposed to go into an emotional tailspin bordering on hysteria just because two directors made a defamatory film about it. A state confident that it is right is capable of absorbing such a blow, even from within, without considering far-reaching measures like revoking citizenship, and without being dragged into statements bordering on incitement to violence against the filmmakers (for, naturally, it is tempting to say they somewhat deserve it). A righteous, level-headed state must recognize that the applause in a Venice Festival cannot be drowned out by cries of outrage in Jerusalem. A state confident that it is right operates cautiously in the international arena to improve its image; it does not respond to a blow to its image with conduct whose guaranteed outcome is further damage to its image.

A week’s numbers

See the column above.

A reader’s response

Sara asks: “Shmuel, do people still ride their bikes in Israel on Yom Kippur?” My response: Yes, but the presence of electric bikes is making the experience less bucolic than before. 


Shmuel Rosner is senior political editor. For more analysis of Israeli and international politics, visit Rosner’s Domain at jewishjournal.com/rosnersdomain.

Rosner’s Domain | Who Is to Blame for Antisemitism? Read More »

Who’s Really the Victim?

As if it isn’t enough that the media and the anti-Israel camp have vilified Jewish daily life, now our suffering is being usurped before our very eyes. Those who would revel in Israel’s demise are claiming victimhood on every front and denying attacks on us in the same breath.

The New York Times had to print a retraction to its own coverage of Israel. A rare event in today’s media landscape. When reporting on the NAZA documentary — the latest salvo in the never-ending blood libel campaign against Israel — the Times wrote, “Israelis are deeply divided over how to apportion blame for the policy, military and intelligence failures that preceded the attack and the war. But Israelis still largely view themselves as the victims of Oct. 7,” insinuating that Israelis are not the victims.

The outrage to this statement must have been furious and vocal because the NYT capitulated. The retraction read, “Because of an editing error, an earlier version of this article included a statement that was intended to convey Israelis’ perception of the government’s military response to the Oct. 7 terror attack in relation to the attacks, but inadvertently suggested that Israelis’ experience as terror victims was a matter of perception.”

This is not the first time the reality of both Israelis and Jews around the world has been negated. For the past three years we’ve been told that the trauma we experienced didn’t occur and that Israel is the true aggressor in the region. No matter how often or loudly our detractors repeat this notion, it doesn’t make it true. However, truth is no longer a requisite and our opponents are not letting up.

For the past three years we’ve been told that the trauma we experienced didn’t occur and that Israel is the true aggressor in the region. No matter how often or loudly our detractors repeat this notion, it doesn’t make it true.

Macklemore, Ed Sheeran’s opening act on tour, went on a one-sided anti-Zionist tirade on stage. This is not Macklemore’s first foray into the realm. In 2014 he appeared onstage wearing a black wig and beard and an oversized prosthetic hook nose.

In response to Macklemore’s most recent controversy, Robert Kraft, the Patriots’ football team owner, who owns the stadium where Sheeran and Macklemore were slated to appear, threatened to cancel the event if the rapper performed. “Gillette Stadium has a longstanding commitment to providing a welcoming environment for all guests and ensuring that events held at our venue do not provide a platform for hate speech,” Kraft wrote in a statement. Macklemore was subsequently dropped from the tour.

As expected, Ed Sheeran tried to remain neutral but the other acts on his tour quit, saying artists should not be silenced. But where’s their concern for “free speech” when Jews are canceled for supporting Israel? Reggae artist Matisyahu, comedian Michael Rapaport and countless others have had their shows canceled these past few years after anti-Zionists campaigned against them, and these same musicians cheered. Macklemore, like many other artists, applies his worldview of restraint to only one side of the equation — Israel —  while ignoring the atrocities committed by Hamas.

Kraft and the other stadium owners have every right to refuse artists who want to use their venues to whip up hostility against Jews. Macklemore’s behavior is an affront to the Jewish patrons who have attended his shows. Now because his platform has been taken away, he’s portraying his lot as victimhood. He is not being silenced; he’s being taught a lesson.

Many claim that “silencing” is also occurring on the diplomatic stage to Mahmoud Abbas and other members of the P.A./PLO, after the U.S. State Department denied them entry visas for the United Nations General Assembly for the second year in a row. Critics of the State Department’s decision claim this is an intentional targeting of these leaders. The administration defends its actions, noting the P.A./PLO have not curbed the glorification of terrorism, both in education and in the “pay-for-slay” remunerations which continue unencumbered.

Mahmoud Khalil, the campus organizer associated with SIPA Palestine Working Group and Columbia University Apartheid Divest (CUAD), is now suing the university. Khalil served as the key negotiator and spokesperson for the Gaza Solidarity Encampments and related protests. The suit, filed in September with the U.S. District Court of New York, alleges that Columbia University “created and maintained a hostile environment through deliberate indifference to severe, persistent harassment of pro-Palestinian students.”

This lawsuit is the ultimate usurpation of victimhood. SIPA and the CUAD both organized the library seizure and the campus tent cities of 2024-25. These protests were not peaceful, and many who participated in them harassed Jewish students all over campus, barring them from classes and from attending religious functions. At the height of the campus tensions, Jewish students were reported to fear for their own safety all over the United States. The universities typically did little to protect the Jewish populations.

Hearing Khalil claim that pro-Palestinian students at Columbia are the victims is the ultimate distortion of reality. The Jewish people have suffered enough since the attacks of Oct. 7, 2023. As if the raping and murdering of our innocent women and children weren’t enough, Jews all over the world have become the targets of religious hate crimes at an unmatched rate.

Now those who hate us not only tell us that we aren’t victims but the aggressors when battling our enemies, but they add insult to injury by claiming that those who have incessantly harassed us are actually the victims. Methinks they doth protest too much.

As important as it is to set the record straight and make sure the world knows who the aggressors are and have been, if our enemies want the title of victim, let them have it. If there’s one thing we Jews have learned since Oct. 7, it’s that we are not victims. As history has proven time and again, we are the most enduring nation to ever grace God’s earth. And to our enemies, just know that the world can see through your lies. More importantly, so can The Almighty.


Hayim Leiter is a rabbi, a wedding officiant, and a mohel who performs britot (ritual circumcisions) and conversions in Israel and worldwide. Based in Efrat, Israel, he is the founder of Magen HaBrit, an organization protecting the practice of brit milah and the children who undergo it.

Who’s Really the Victim? Read More »