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Jewish Journal

Connect. Inform. Inspire.

January 29, 2021

Nadav Eyal

Nadav Eyal: The Worldwide Uprising Against Globalization

Leave a Comment / Podcasts, Rosner's Domain Podcast /

Shmuel Rosner and Nadav Eyal discuss Nadav’s book, “Revolt: The Worldwide Uprising Against Globalization”, out now in english.
Nadav Eyal is one of Israel’s most well-known journalists, and a winner of the Sokolov Prize, Israel’s Pulitzer. He is the chief international correspondent for Israel’s Reshet News, and an opinion writer for Yediot Aharont, Israel’s most circulated newspaper.

Follow Shmuel Rosner on Twitter.

Nadav Eyal: The Worldwide Uprising Against Globalization Read More »

35 Academics Question Part of CA Ethnic Studies Curriculum

Leave a Comment / News, United States /

Thirty-five academics sent a letter to the California State Board of Education and State Superintendent Tony Thurmond on January 21 questioning the alleged benefits of the proposed Ethnic Studies Model Curriculum (ESMC).

The letter, which is posted on the AMCHA Initiative’s website, specifically challenges the section of the ESMC titled “The Benefits of Ethnic Studies,” which claims that ethnic studies, if taught properly, results in “positive academic and social outcomes for students.” For better academic outcomes, it pointed to higher GPAs, test scores and attendance; for better social outcomes, it pointed to stronger “social and cultural awareness.” But the 35 academics concluded that there was insufficient evidence to substantiate these claims.

For instance, the ESMC cites a 2011 article from Christina Sleeter of the National Education Association that went over several studies on the matter over the last couple of decades. But according to the academics, the cited studies all suffer from various shortcomings, such as small sample sizes and being “non-experimental” in nature. One study cited didn’t feature any data to back its claims and another was based on a questionnaire to those who participated in an ethnic studies class 10 years prior.

“Not a single study in Sleeter’s review article can be used to support her claim — which is also a central claim of the ESMC — that ‘well-designed and well-taught ethnic studies curricula have positive academic and social outcomes for studies,’” the academics wrote.

Additionally, the academics pointed out that some of the cited studies in Sleeter’s article found that diversity classes actually negatively impacted both white students and students of colors due to “a reduced sense of well-being.”

Some of the cited studies in Sleeter’s article found that diversity classes actually negatively impacted both white students and students of colors due to “a reduced sense of well-being.”

The ESMC also cited a 1998 report from the Brookings Institute, a self-described nonpartisan  think tank, stating that ethnic studies classes result in “a reduced stereotype threat.” But the academics found that the report doesn’t actually come to that conclusion.

“One of their most robust results suggests just the opposite: when Black students were asked to report their racial identity before taking a difficult verbal test, it significantly depressed their performance on the test compared with Black students who were not asked to report their racial identity,” the academics argued. “If anything, these results suggest that ethnic studies courses that foreground race and racial identity may actually exacerbate the stereotype threat and its negative impact on the academic achievement of black students, rather than reduce it.”

The ESMC also cites a report claiming to show higher high school graduation and college enrollment rates among those who took ethnic studies classes; however, the author of one of the reports admitted that the sample size was too small to draw “definitive conclusions.” Another report that the ESMC claims to show higher grade averages and attendance actually shows little difference among students that did take ethnic studies classes versus those that didn’t.

“In addition to noting that half of the specific claims made about research showing the benefits of ethnic studies did not cite any research at all, we found several mis-attributed claims — 10 claims attributed to one paper that were not at all addressed by the research reported in the paper or that were addressed by research reported in another paper cited in the curriculum,” the academics wrote. “Our goal in this letter has been to point out that there is insufficient empirical evidence to support either the overarching or the specific claims about the benefits of ethnic studies courses that are made in the current draft of the model curriculum.

“However, given that the model curriculum was presumably drafted by expert educators in the field of ethnic studies, the embarrassing carelessness with which this section was written — inaccurate and mistaken attribution to empirical research, or no attribution at all — offers a very poor impression of the academic rigor of this ethnic studies model curriculum, and of the field of ethnic studies more generally.”

AMCHA Initiative Director Tammi Rossman-Benjamin said in a statement, “Based on years of experience fighting bigotry, we fear that instead of its intended goal of educating and uniting, this curriculum – which has adopted a highly politicized Critical Ethnic Studies framework – will have the opposite effect of pitting students against each other and will lead to increased divisiveness and polarization. With the discovery that ESMC’s foundational claims are baseless, we call on California legislators to carefully consider what it means to pour tens of millions of taxpayer dollars into mandating courses that have not been proven to benefit students either academically or socially, and instead, may very well harm them.”

The proposed ESMC is currently under scrutiny. On January 27, Tablet Magazine published a report titled “California Is Cleansing Jews From History,” stating that the ESMC refers to capitalism as “oppression” while anti-Semitism is not. The report also states that the ESMC teaches “that Mizrahi Jews coming to the United States from Arab lands were mistreated by ‘white’ Ashkenazim. The other suggests that Jews of European descent have white privilege.” Additionally, a former speechwriter for Martin Luther King, Jr. argued in an October 2020 letter to California Governor Gavin Newsom, a Democrat, that the ESMC omits how the Black Freedom Movement was crucial in ending segregation.

For differing views on the ESMC, see recent op-eds at the Journal here and here.

The SBE will be vote on the proposed ESMC on March 17, according to Tablet.

35 Academics Question Part of CA Ethnic Studies Curriculum Read More »

Pandemic Leads to Rise in Violence Against Women in Arab Societies, UN Study Finds

Leave a Comment / Middle East, News, Wires /

(The Media Line) — Arab women have been disproportionately affected by measures to curb the spread of the COVID-19 virus and domestic violence has increased in the Arab region, according to a report published by the UN Women organization.

UN Women’s Regional Office for the Arab States (ROAS) conducted an online survey in Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Tunisia and Yemen, focusing on gender roles, attitudes and practices related to violence against females.

A total of 16,462 female and male participants took part in the study, which was published in August 2020.

Amani El-Tawil, a lawyer and director of the Women’s Program at Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies in Cairo, previously worked as a consultant for the UN in Sudan. She told The Media Line the pandemic was placing additional stress on families in Egypt, leading to an increase in violence against women.

“All of the family members face huge pressures, due mainly to being locked together in the same place for long periods of time, in addition to the stress coming from converting education to online learning, especially for kids, who need social activities in addition to schooling,” El-Tawil said.

This, she said, leads to constant friction among family members, which increases the burden on women. “This places them in an agitated and disturbed psychological state, which affects women’s relations with their partners.”

In these stressful circumstances, violence against females has increased, which explains the jump in the divorce rate during the pandemic, she said.

El-Tawil added that civil society organizations were working hard to support families, but the pandemic has had a huge negative impact as far as family cohesion and violence against women are concerned.

According to the study, “Rapid Assessment: The Effects of COVID-19 on Violence Against Women and Gendered Social Norms,” nearly half of the respondents from all nine countries surveyed agreed that women were facing an increased risk of violence from their husbands.

Nearly half of the respondents from all nine countries surveyed agreed that women were facing an increased risk of violence from their husbands.

Fewer than 40% of women who experienced violence seek help of any kind or report a crime, according to the study. Nearly one in three participants (both men and women) believe that women must endure violence during the COVID-19 pandemic to maintain family cohesion.

Bushra al-Obaidi, a legal expert and a member of a women’s advisory group to UN Secretary-General António Guterres’ representative in Iraq, told The Media Line the restrictions on freedom of movement and work resulting from the coronavirus were affecting people’s behavior.

“Consequently, due to the psychological and economic pressure that accompanied the pandemic, and affected family members, usual attitudes that were being overcome before coronavirus pandemic are triggering violence between family members,” Obaidi said.

That anger usually has greater consequences for the weaker party, i.e., women and children, she pointed out. Thus wives and children became targets for men to express their anger against.

“The jump in violence against women revealed the fragility of laws and procedures, and the weak political will to solve the issue of domestic violence and violence against women,” Obaidi said. “Unfortunately, the laws encourage violence, specifically by men against women.”

Domestic violence can come from either direction, but it is usually from the man, Obaidi noted. However, females’ violence against males is prosecuted with full force, “while a man’s violence receives a lighter penalty if he is punished at all.”

The global pandemic has also revealed a new face of violence, political violence, she said, given the measures taken by the state and the law enforcement authorities to implement procedures and sanctions.

“There have been discriminatory measures against women. This distinction is very ugly, and must be highlighted globally,” Obaidi said.

She acknowledged that the text of the laws, in general, do not discriminate by gender, as penal codes do not distinguish between females and males when it comes to murder and assault.

“The punishment for premeditated murder is life imprisonment, and the penalty for premeditated murder in aggravated circumstances is the death penalty. Also, the penalty for beating a victim to death is more than 10 years. However, upon implementation [in cases of domestic violence], women receive severe punishment, while men receive reduced punishment to the point that they get away with it,” Obaidi clarified.

The violence, if not deterred, increases and lead to death, Obaidi continued.

In Iraq, only those directly affected by violence can file complaints, she said.

“For example, I cannot file a complaint if I hear or witness violence against my neighbors, as the affected person must submit a complaint. And in our tribal society, which relies on customs and traditions, women rarely file complaints. Thus their rights are lost,” Obaidi said.

Diana Moukalled, a leading Lebanese writer and media person, and part of the feminist movement, told The Media Line that her country, like the rest of the world, has seen increased violence against women because of the coronavirus lockdowns.

“Women were present with their abusers in homes amid economic hardship, which exacerbates a problem” also made worse by the lack of adequate protection mechanisms, she said.

Nevertheless, Moukalled explained that the biggest factors behind the phenomenon are the social aspect and male culture, as well as men’s position in society, which is not parallel with that of women.

“The legal system marginalizes women and places them on a lower level in terms of rights,” she said. “In Lebanon, we have religious and sectarian status laws, in addition to personal status laws, according to which the marginal position of women is perpetuated.”

Moukalled criticized the fact that Lebanon, like many Arab countries, still allows underage marriage and polygamy for some sects.

“We have laws whose texts justify violence, and sometimes we tolerate beatings and murder, and all personal status laws in Lebanon consider women to be ‘hysterical.’ And so, men have the power in the family system,” she said.

Men decide whether women can work and whether they can leave the house, Moukalled explained. “There are numerous rulings from the [various sects’] personal status courts requiring women to obey their husbands, and this approach, enshrined in laws and social legislation, forces women to be in a vulnerable position.”

In rural areas far from cities, where people are less educated, the legal system forces women to marry early, stay at home, leave the labor market and not complete their education, she highlighted.

“When a woman is placed in this situation, her position in the family is weakened, especially when she does not have her own income. If she does not have a job, she has to accept violence, because she has no other choice,” Moukalled said.

Violence against women is fostered by social acceptance and by a legal culture that discriminates against females, she added.

“If our laws and the social approach are not modified, the level of violence against women will remain high,” Moukalled affirmed.

Civil society and the women’s movement have been raising their voices, rejecting the inequalities, but this has not been enough, she indicated.

“We need to change a lot of laws to help women and to reduce violence, harm and discrimination against them,” Moukalled said.

Pandemic Leads to Rise in Violence Against Women in Arab Societies, UN Study Finds Read More »

Israel Closed for Business, Except for the Business of Vaccines

Leave a Comment / Israel, News, Wires /

(The Media Line) — In a week when Israel closed all of its land border crossings and shut down international air travel, the imminent reopening of the country’s education system, tentatively scheduled for the beginning of next week, is in serious doubt as the coronavirus and its various mutations continue to spread through the population.

Almost 2.4 million students are expected to begin returning to classrooms, preschools and kindergartens when the education system reopens.

This includes 280,000 teens in the 11th and 12th grades currently preparing for matriculation exams, whose scores are used to apply for higher education studies as well as for acceptance to select army units.

But with daily positive coronavirus tests over the past two weeks at just over 8%, the daily number of new patients critically ill hovering at 150-200 since early January, and almost hourly reports of increased infections due to various mutations, schools are unlikely to open.

Education Minister Yoav Gallant told Army Radio that opening schools may be further off than expected.

“The mutations have changed the rules of the game. I do not want to take on anything related to childhood illness,” Gallant reportedly said.

The Health Ministry reported that, as of Wednesday afternoon, some 30 people in Israel have tested positive for the South African variant of the coronavirus, compared to 15 on January 19. In addition, according to Prof. Nachman Ash, Israel’s coronavirus czar, 40% to 70% of all new positive infections are the UK variant.

In the coming days, the health minister, prime minister and coronavirus cabinet – which includes Gallant – will take the rise in variant cases into account in deciding whether to open schools.

When the education system works, parents can go back to work and the country and its economy opens again

Teachers, school staff members and those working with students in the education system have only been able to obtain vaccinations against the virus since January 10.

Early in the vaccination campaign, preference was given to frontline health care workers, personnel working in homeland security, and older people, as well as those with pre-existing medical conditions. But in an effort to try to get the country back to work, the vaccination campaign is moving forward with the education sector.

“When the education system works, parents can go back to work and the country and its economy opens again,” an Education Ministry spokesman told The Media Line.

With close to 4 million doses already injected into the arms of its citizens, Israel is ahead of the world in inoculating its population.

According to Israel’s largest teachers union, the Israel Teachers Union, 76% of its 120,000 members working in education from kindergarten through ninth grade have been vaccinated.

“We are blessed that the education sector is finally getting the vaccine,” Edna David, deputy chairperson of the Israel Teachers Union told The Media Line.

“Education needs to be protected. Students need to be protected. A sick child brings it home to all the family,” David said.

The students represent contagion vectors that can spread the infection to the staff as well as to other children, she said.

One young ultra-Orthodox Jewish kindergarten and special needs teacher knows this quite well. She is currently isolating for the fifth time due to exposure to someone with the coronavirus.

“I was in three long quarantines of two weeks or ten days. Once I was in the same room with a teacher who tested positive, another time I worked with a child who turned out to be ill, and just recently my father tested positive,” said the teacher, a woman in her early 20s.

“Now I am ready for the vaccination. I listen to my rabbis who are now calling on all of us to be vaccinated,” she told The Media Line from her current isolation.

Dina Keizerman, 40, who teaches adult ulpan, or the language immersion program for new immigrants, also is satisfied with the government’s decision to prioritize teachers.

“I am certainly happy. As soon as I heard the decision, I called my health care provider and set a vaccination appointment. It is the correct decision for teachers,” Keizerman told The Media Line.

A school psychologist responsible for one school and six kindergarten classes said she also is happy about the decision to add school staff members to those eligible to get vaccinated more quickly than the general population.

“Though Zoom makes my life easier, to test young children in kindergartens I have to see them in person. I was in one kindergarten and afterward spent two weeks quarantined in my room,” Dr. Lisa Kainan told The Media Line.

One 11th grade student in Jerusalem, Mishy Churgin, 16, was looking forward to getting his vaccine this week.

“We have a WhatsApp group and were arguing back and forth about whether to get vaccinated,” he told The Media Line.

Churgin said that most of the arguments were about the uncertainty regarding the vaccination’s long-term effects.

“Most of our group decided to get the vaccination, though two are not going to get the jab,” he said.

Here are the latest COVID-19 numbers for the Middle East and North Africa as of 1:30 pm Greenwich Mean Time (UTC±0) on Thursday Jan. 28.

Country Confirmed cases Deaths Recovered Active Cases
Afghanistan 54,939 2,398 47,583 4,958
Algeria 106,359 2,877 72,538 30,944
Bahrain 101,116 371 97,337 3,408
Cyprus 30,380 193 2,057 28,130
Djibouti 5,929 62 5,845 22
Egypt 163,761 9,115 127,963 26,683
Iran 1,398,841 57,736 1,189,975 151,130
Iraq 617,202 13,024 588,260 15,918
Israel 624,814 4,612 545,381 74,821
Jordan 324,169 4,269 311,888 8,012
Kuwait 163,450 958 156,387 6,105
Lebanon 289,660 2,553 170,067 117,040
Libya 116,779 1,832 96,293 18,654
Mauritania 16,506 419 15,491 596
Morocco 468,303 8,207 446,181 13,995
Oman 133,728 1,527 126,572 5,629
Pakistan 539,387 11,514 494,578 33,295
Palestinian Territories 157,593 1812 147,620 8,161
Qatar 150,280 248 145,414 4,618
Saudi Arabia 367,276 6,366 358,753 2,157
Somalia 4,784 130 3,666 988
Sudan 26,671 1,760 20,936 3,975
Syria 13,823 900 7,260 5,663
Tunisia 202,323 6,446 151,214 44,663
Turkey 2,449,839 25,476 2,331,314 93,049
United Arab Emirates 293,052 819 267,024 25,209
Yemen 2,120 615 1,425 80
Total 8,823,084 166,239 7,929,022 727,903

 

Israel Closed for Business, Except for the Business of Vaccines Read More »

Jews of Color Say Count Us In

Leave a Comment / Commentary, Opinion /

For generations, different communities and institutions have operated on their usually thoughtful core values, norms, systems and structures. Although these long-standing values and structures help maintain tradition, the groups not included in the community at the time of creation can subsequently encounter barriers when trying to engage with it.

For Jews of Color, we can see these barriers in the past-president photos in Federation boardrooms, in the Black-Jewish taskforces in community relations organizations that seldom include Black Jews and in a synagogue’s law enforcement-informed security procedures that often tip toward racial bias. In the midst of a tumultuous, tense and scary first month of 2021 — when the need for strong Jewish communities is more important than ever — breaking down these barriers and opening our doors is both challenging and some of the most important work we should do.

Like every community, the U.S. Jewish community has core values and structures that once served us well but now can keep Jews away from communal life. One in seven Jews in the United States identifies as a person of color. That’s a huge proportion of the U.S. Jewish community that is almost entirely under-represented in communal spaces, especially in leadership roles. Take a look at the boards and executive leadership teams of any U.S. Jewish legacy organization. While many are engaged in Diversity, Inclusion, Equity and Justice efforts, including centering Jews of Color, there is still a lot of distance between the leaders and those they support and serve.

It’s time to learn more about the lived experiences and perspectives of Jews of Color (JOC) to inform our work for and about them. For example, we need to know how JOCs think about Jewish identity. How do we each self-identify? What have been our experiences in Jewish communities — both terrible and wonderful? How has systemic racism affected JOCs in Jewish spaces?How can the Jewish community better embody the range of experiences and identities of all people, so all Jews see ourselves in Klal Yisrael?

It’s time to learn more about the lived experiences and perspectives of Jews of Color.

But we need to hear the voices of JOCs to make real progress on inclusion and countering racism. To that end, eighteen months ago, the Jews of Color Initiative — a national effort focused on building and advancing the professional, organizational and communal field for Jews of Color — released “Counting Inconsistencies,” a report that helped us better understand how many Jews of Color there are in the United States. That report also taught us how to ask better demographic questions and design more inclusive studies.

Today, I am inviting all self-identified Jews of Color in the United States to let your voices be heard and participate in “Count Me In,” a research project aimed at understanding the lived experiences and perspectives of Jews of Color nationwide. “Count Me In,” led by a multi-racial research team housed at Stanford University, has developed a very strong survey that centers on Jews of Color, our diversity and our experiences. In addition to the questions I posed above, the survey also asks what we didn’t ask, should have asked and failed to ask. We expect the “Count Me In” study to be completed in July. Then, following analysis by the research team, we will share the findings to facilitate important changes in the wider Jewish community.

We know from prior research that there are 1,000,000 Jews of Color in the United States, and we know that wherever there are Jews in the United States, there are Jews of Color. The initiative has set a goal of 1,000 survey responses. We want “Count Me In” to accurately reflect the broad and beautiful diversity of Jews of Color in the United States today. Jews of Color are not monolithic; we each have unique stories to tell, experiences to share.

We all want to be connected to, engaged in and part of Jewish communities and Jewish communal life. As the diversity of U.S. Jewry expands, so too must our community capacities and core values. “Count Me In” is one important way we can ensure our ecosystem of organizations, day schools, synagogues, program partners and funders hear directly from Jews of Color. We need to tell them who we are, how we feel and what we’ve experienced as Jews of Color.

We know “Count Me In” isn’t a panacea for making our community more inclusive and less racist. But we know organizations, synagogues and program partners are waiting to hear from each of us about lived experiences, perspectives — what’s worked, what has not and where change needs to take place. And we are going to do everything we can to ensure our voices are not only heard but deeply considered and powerfully acted upon. So, if you self-identify as a Jew of Color, take 12 minutes to fill out the survey and join the hundreds and hundreds of other Jews of Color around the country who are saying, “Count Us In!”

Ilana Kaufman is Executive Director of the Jews of Color Initiative.

Jews of Color Say Count Us In Read More »

Satirical Semite: Corona Negiah

Leave a Comment / Columnists, Opinion /

I committed the cardinal sin of COVID-era dating. The evening began like your typical socially– distanced coronavirus pulp fiction novel. It was a fourth date, we walked several feet apart and raised our voices as loudly as possible in order to be heard. We looked into one another’s eyes — primarily because that was all we could see of each other. The temptation finally became too great after several hours together. We stepped closer to one another, with only two feet between us, abandoned caution and removed our masks. I suddenly realized the implications, stepped back and uttered those sweet words of romance, “I shouldn’t have done that. Now I need to get a COVID test.”

There are different levels of religious-like observance when it comes to contemporary dating. Similar to the religious dictate of being shomer negiah, not touching before marriage, I have mainly kept to corona negiah, although it is finally feeling a bit much, since we are now 11 months into the pandemic. The only way to kiss safely in today’s world is to be adequately protected, which is why moving forward, I’ll attend dates wearing a latex prophylactic stretched over my head. Breathing may be an issue, but you can’t put a price on safety.

Different people hold by varying levels of COVID-observance when meeting friends outside. Some believe it is fine not to wear a mask because you can’t catch it in the open air. I disagree. One study says that a person is 20 times less likely to catch the disease outdoors, but if it’s still a risk, then why risk it? Chemistry Professor Jose-Luiz Jimenez at the University of Colorado compared it to the smell of smoke. We can certainly smell smoke when outside — or at least we used to until California made smoking into a capital offense. If we can smell the smoke, that means it is entering our nose. The same principle applies to someone’s breath if they have COVID-19.

I now hold by the coronavirus Orthodox approach of wearing a face covering with everyone I meet, and it adds an air of mystique when you can’t see what your date actually looks like. Perhaps we all could star on the show “The Masked Singer.”

I now hold by the coronavirus Orthodox approach of wearing a face covering with everyone I meet.

Several Facebook dating groups have appeared during the last year, including the popular Corona Crush, whose name either refers to potential romantic interest or the coronavirus’ effect on the central nervous system. The group allows participants to introduce their friends with photographs and a short introduction. A friend posted my information,and it felt a bit like a human auction. However, unlike a human auction, you do get a series of likes, shares and comments from friends, like “he’s loyal!” “he’s kind” or “he’s a hard worker!”

One thing I never made peace with is the dating resume, a curriculum vitae that is increasingly requested by professional and informal matchmakers. I got to work on one, and instead of my work history section on a standard cv, I included an abbreviated relationship history including responsibilities, activities, challenges I had overcome and humbly-presented personal strengths. “Marcus sports the body of Brad Pitt and the brain of Stephen Hawking. A fine worker, with a swashbuckling wit and attention to detail, he is a loyal friend, a tireless worker and deeply romantic. Marcus will make a fine husband and has a fine head of very Jewish hair.”

For the “past experience” section on my resume, I included a detailed relationship history, including responsibilities for each appointment, and lessons learned. Unfortunately, there were very few lessons learned, but I tried my best.

Towards the end of the resume I provided testimonials from previous girlfriends, “highly inventive in all areas. And I mean all areas,” “he makes a fantastic breakfast” and “he’s a heroic lover.” Obviously these were bolstered by sentiments from their mothers who had lamented the potential son-in-law that got away.

The last lines of the cv were the phone numbers of two ex-girlfriends as a references. I am still awaiting a single response from the matchmakers.

An upside of the situation is that coronavirus-era dating is a very low-cost activity since all bars, restaurants and entertainment venues are closed, so the only real investment is a good pair of hiking boots. Even being well-dressed isn’t that important because it’s generally dark, so you can’t see what the other person is wearing beyond the cut of their coat. All of the hairdressers are closed due to lockdown, which is almost irrelevant since unkempt Jewfros are kept under wooly winter hats. In short, the lack of style demands are perfect for the average fashion-challenged Jewish male. Headwear will be compulsory if they are single, mildly eligible, and standing on the dating slave auction block.

I look forward to the day when dating is normal again, unless I get selected from Corona Crush before then. In the meantime I’ll stay protected. Wish me luck with the COVID test results.

Marcus J Freed is an actor, writer and filmmaker. www.marcusjfreed.com and on social @marcusjfreed. 

Satirical Semite: Corona Negiah Read More »