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March 3, 2017

JFNA’s Sandler taking heat for support of David Friedman

The chairman of one of America’s largest Jewish membership organizations is facing criticism for publicly supporting President Donald Trump’s controversial nominee for ambassador to Israel.

Appearing in Tel Aviv on a panel about Israeli-American relations under Trump, Jewish Federations of North America (JFNA) board of trustees chair Richard Sandler spoke highly of David Friedman, a bankruptcy lawyer and Trump confidante.

“I believe he’s a very intelligent individual, and I think he’ll be a good representative if he is confirmed,” Sandler said, according to Haaretz. “My expectations of him are very positive.”

Friedman has made headlines for inflammatory comments about liberal Jews, for instance, comparing members of the left-wing group J Street to Jews who collaborated with the Nazi regime. Sandler’s support for Friedman came as a shock to some who feel those comments are disqualifying.

“Unless one really represents the majority view of the organization, sometimes it’s better just to keep your mouth shut — and this is one of those times,” said Rabbi John Rosove, senior rabbi of Temple Israel of Hollywood and national chairman of the Association of Reform Zionists of America (ARZA), the Israel arm of the American Reform movement. “And I’m sorry that he did it.”

Meanwhile, Sandler, a Santa Monica-based attorney and former chair of The Jewish Federation of Greater Los Angeles, was quick to frame his comments as a personal opinion, rather than the view of JFNA, the umbrella group for Federations across the continent.

“The comments reported in the press were in response to a question directed to me about David Friedman and reflected my personal view, based upon my analysis of the situation and my personal contact with Mr. Friedman,” Sandler wrote in an email to JFNA trustees. He declined to comment for this story.

At the panel, Sandler cited Friedman’s apology before the Senate as grounds to move beyond the nominee’s past statements.

“These were hurtful words and I deeply regret them,” Friedman told the Senate Foreign Relations Committee during a confirmation hearing last month. “They’re not reflective of my nature or my character.”

But Rosove of ARZA, who is also a member of the executive rabbinic cabinet of J Street, was less than convinced.

“I’m surprised that a distinguished leader of the Los Angeles Jewish community would believe anything that David Friedman says,” he told the Journal.

He said that ARZA’s board voted unanimously to oppose Friedman’s appointment. He called Sandler’s support for Friedman wrongheaded and inappropriate, saying he hoped the Federations leader would recant his view.

Others in the community were more disappointed than angry about Sandler’s comments.

“He’s done a lot for both the L.A. as well as the national Jewish community,” Adam Wergeles, a co-founder of the West L.A. congregation IKAR, told the Journal. “And on the other hand, you have a guy like Friedman who has said some horribly divisive things about progressive Jewry. And it is upsetting to see someone like Sandler — who’s kind of using his stature — to support what felt to me like Friedman’s very convenient and self-serving retraction.”

Yet Sandler is only one of a number of mainstream Jewish leaders now expressing support for Friedman. On Feb. 19, Stephen Greenberg, chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major Jewish Organizations, said Friedman has “all the makings” of a successful diplomat and spoke highly of his performance before the Senate.

Greenberg stopped short of issuing an endorsement, while others felt it necessary to go further.

Farley Weiss, president of the National Council of Young Israel, which represents more than 100 synagogues and 25,000 members nationwide, said he felt compelled to speak out in favor of Friedman after hearing criticism from the left. He said he took Friedman for his word when the nominee apologized for past comments.

“These people who come out against him are not really people who know him,” he said, citing multiple conversations he’d had with Young Israel members who knew Friedman personally and spoke highly of him.

Sandler’s comments come on the heels of a public debate on whether Federations should take political stances at all. The L.A. Federation came under fire last month after an email from its president and CEO addressed – but did not denounce – Trump’s executive actions on refugees and immigration.

At the time, Sandler told the Journal that he supported the L.A. Federation’s decision to refrain from taking a position, saying political statements invariably upset some donors.

“Federations really should not get involved in making statements one way or another, because they need not get distracted from the work Federations are supposed to do,” he said at the time.

JFNA has previously shied away from commenting on political appointees. In November, the group came under pressure to condemn the appointment of Steve Bannon as chief White House strategist for his role at the helm of Breitbart News, but declined to take a position.

JFNA’s Sandler taking heat for support of David Friedman Read More »

What Is Not Said Can Be Crucial

The talk shows and cable news networks are busy conjecturing as to whether the Trump campaign colluded with the Sergey Kislak, the Russian ambassador to the US, to impact last year’s election. Did Attorney General Sessions, General Michael Flynn or Jared Kushner discuss email leaks, “fake news” and other sordid acts with the ambassador and his colleagues?

Unfortunately, that speculation ignores an even more fundamental concern—what clearly wasn’t discussed—the moral, political and diplomatic outrage of the Kremlin impacting our democratic, electoral process.

This morning while driving to work I listened to Andrea Mitchell Reports on MSNBC. Mitchell is the long-time NBC journalist who serves as their chief foreign correspondent (she also happens to be the wife of Alan Greenspan). She is a sane and sober adult in a sea filled with lots of screamers and yellers.

Among her interviews today was Andrei Kozyrov, the former foreign minister of the Russian Federation (1990-1996). A seasoned Russian diplomat who is no fan of Vladimir Putin (he made that clear) and is now a visiting scholar at the Woodrow Wilson Center in Washington, D.C. Parenthetically, he hired both Sergey Kislyak (the Russian ambassador to the United States who is at the center of the recent Trump-Russia controversy) and Russia’s current foreign minister, Sergey Lavrov.

In a frank and honest discussion of the controversy swirling around Attorney General Sessions, General Flynn and Jared Kushner, Kozyrov helped clarify why our focus on a single issue of the scandal, possible collusion, has been misguided.

What was really at stake in these encounters, as Kozyrov put it, wasn’t just the Trump campaign’s possible complicity in election tampering, but equally troubling, the impression that the Trumpites left with the Kremlin diplomat that “no one seems to be bothered by our actions.”

Kozyrov observed that Ambassador Kislyak couldn’t but come away from those meetings sensing that Trump campaign leaders really weren’t troubled by what he and his buddies had done; after all, no one said a peep about it. The former foreign minister concluded that the Trumpites’ silence would have been the lead in the diplomat’s cables to Moscow—“we can continue to meddle in the American elections, no one seems to care!”

Sessions, Kushner, and Flynn (who were adamant in stressing that they didn’t raise the issue of election involvement by the Russians) insured, by their silence, that the Kremlin would conclude that their tampering was cost free.

Kozyrov—remember, he’s the former Russian foreign minister—opined that the American “leaders” should have begun their discussions with Kislyak by denouncing the election meddling and telling him to make sure that the Kremlin stopped what it was doing immediately. By their timidity, they acquiesced to, and encouraged, what had been taking place.

Perjury and Logan Act violations are disqualifiers for high public office, but cowardice should be as well.  Our expectations for what public service demands should be higher than avoiding “legal jeopardy;” we should also expect that our “leaders” do what is moral, appropriate, and necessary—- especially when it comes to fundamental issues of democratic values and processes. Unfortunately, Flynn, Sessions and Kushner would be found wanting (they are manifestly missing a moral compass).

It’s ironic that a former Kremlin diplomat should have to remind us of what was, and is, at stake.

The interview is worth watching, it should be here shortly, http://www.msnbc.com/andrea-mitchell .

What Is Not Said Can Be Crucial Read More »

Fun Purim books for children arrive for the holiday

Purim, which begins this year on the evening of March 11, usually isn’t a holiday that inspires many new children’s books, but this year we have three that directly relate to the holiday and two others, both humorous, that reflect a bit of Purim spirit.

“Talia and the Haman-tushies” by Linda Elovitz Marshall. Illustrated by Francesco Assirelli (Kar-Ben Publishing).

Young Talia, along with her perennial food malapropisms, returns for the Purim holiday after her previous forays into “rude vegetable soup” for Rosh Hashanah and “yum” Kippur breakfast. When she’s certain she hears that Grandma wants to bake “Haman-tushies,” she emphatically decides she will never eat one. As they bake together, Grandma tells her the story of Queen Esther. The large illustrations and simplified Purim story are perfect for the toddler set.

“Purim Chicken” by Margery Cuyler. Illustrated by Puy Pintillos (Albert Whitman & Co.).

Farmyard animals with names such as Cluck, Quack, Moo and Neigh put on a yearly Purim play, with Quack always starring as Queen Esther. But this year, a hungry fox is preparing Quack to be the star of his dinner instead. Cluck, who covets the Queen Esther role, manages to save the day. Not much information about the holiday, but silly and fun nevertheless.

“Is It Purim Yet?” by Chris Barash. Illustrated by Alessandra Psacharopulo (Albert Whitman & Co.).

This sweet introduction to Purim is part of a series that introduces very young children to some of the Jewish holiday traditions. (Previous titles covered Chanukah and Sukkot.) The lyrical text opens with spring waking up from “deep winter sleep” and continues with chronicling the activities of children as they make hamantashen, pack up gift baskets, wave noisemakers and dress up for a joyful Megillah reading at synagogue.

“Maddie the Mitzvah Clown” by Karen Rostoker-Gruber. Illustrated by Christine Grove (Apples & Honey Press).

Clowns and Purim often go together, but becoming a “mitzvah clown” is a new thing. Some national Jewish youth-oriented organizations are encouraging teens to clown around (in costume) at adult senior homes and children’s hospitals instead of engaging in typical mitzvah-themed activities such as visiting soup kitchens. They say that entertaining others in this way also helps shy teens become more comfortable in social situations in general. This picture book expands on that idea through the story of Maddie, a shy mouse who loses
her inhibitions after learning the art of clowning when she performs the mitzvah
of bikur cholim (visiting the sick) at a senior convalescent home.

“The Silly World of Chelm: Everyone’s Favorite Tales of the Wise Men of Chelm” by Shepsel (Howard Spielman) and Avraham (Arnold Fine) (Two Lights Publishing).

More than 150 funny and logic-challenged folktales regarding the town of Chelm have been gathered together in an appealing compendium that the publisher called the “World’s First Definitive Encyclopedia of Chelm Stories.” The editor has collected the stories from those originally published weekly over decades in The Jewish Press newspaper. The original line-drawn comic-style illustrations also have been included. Each story is two or three pages in length and certain to provide much amusement for any family. The book is a delightful gift for kids who can’t get enough of those unforgettable and noodle-head residents of the mixed-up village of Chelm.


LISA SILVERMAN is the director of the Burton Sperber Jewish Community Library at American Jewish University.

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ADL: Juan Thompson’s arrest alone won’t stop ‘unprecedented’ wave of anti-Semitism

Thanking the FBI and police for the arrest of Juan Thompson, who allegedly made eight bomb threats to Jewish institutions, the Anti-Defamation League called the current wave of anti-Semitic acts “unprecedented.”

“Law enforcement at all levels is a close friend to the Jewish people in America,” Evan Bernstein, ADL’s New York regional director, said at a news conference Friday. “Just because there’s been an arrest today around our bomb threats does not mean that the threats have disappeared or will stop.”

The news conference was convened after law enforcement announced earlier in the day that Thompson had been charged in connection with the deluge of bomb threats received this year by Jewish institutions. Thompson, 31, of St. Louis, allegedly made bomb threats to JCCs, Jewish schools and an ADL office as part of his cyberstalking of a former romantic partner.

The ADL and several other Jewish groups had met Friday with FBI Director James Comey. According to a statement from the groups in attendance, which were not listed, the meeting concerned recent anti-Semitic acts and collaboration between Jewish institutions and law enforcement.

“All the organizations in attendance expressed the deep gratitude of the entire community for the extraordinary effort that the FBI is applying to the ongoing investigation,” the statement said. “The representatives of the Jewish community left with the highest confidence that the FBI is taking every possible measure to resolve the matter as quickly as possible.”

According to statistics compiled by the New York Police Department, anti-Semitic acts have nearly doubled in early 2017 as compared to one year earlier. The ADL said that due to the reach of the internet and the quantity of recent bomb threats, white supremacists are more emboldened than ever. 

“We’re in unprecedented times,” said Oren Segal, director of the ADL’s Center on Extremism. “We’ve never seen, ever, the volume of bomb threats that we’ve seen. White supremacists in this country feel more emboldened than they ever have before because of the public discourse and divisive rhetoric.”

In total, more than 100 Jewish institutions, mostly JCCs, have received bomb threats since the beginning of the year. The last two weeks saw vandalism at Jewish cemeteries in PhiladelphiaSt. Louis and Rochester, New York, as well as two more waves of bomb threats called into JCCs, schools and institutions across the country, representing the fourth and fifth waves of such harassment this year. No explosive device was found after any of the calls.

The ADL called on President Donald Trump to take action against anti-Semitism, including by directing the Department of Justice to launch a civil rights investigation into the threats, and by creating a federal interagency task force on combating hate crimes chaired by the attorney general.

“We need action to stop these threats,” Bernstein said. “History shows that when anti-Semitism gains the upper hand, courageous leaders need to speak out and take action before it’s too late.”

Segal said the ADL has been tracking Thompson, a disgraced former journalist, since he fabricated the identity of a cousin of Dylann Roof, the gunman who killed nine at a church in Charleston, South Carolina, in 2015.

Thompson was fired from his reporter post at The Intercept last year for fabricating sources and quotes. According to the ADL, he has posted inflammatory tweets about white police officers and the “white New York liberal media.”

ADL: Juan Thompson’s arrest alone won’t stop ‘unprecedented’ wave of anti-Semitism Read More »

Corker, Cardin wary about Taylor Force Act

Top Republican and Democratic Senators on the Foreign Relations Committee expressed reservations regarding the Taylor Force Act that was introduced this week to cut off all U.S. assistance to the Palestinian Authority if payments to family members of terrorists continue.

[This story originally appeared on jewishinsider.com]

Ranking Democratic Member Ben Cardin (D-Md.) told Jewish Insider, “I generally don’t support an approach that could jeopardize needed assistance for stability in the West Bank.”

When asked if he backed Senator Lindsay Graham’s legislation (R-S.C.), Committee Chairman Bob Corker (R-TN) told Jewish Insider on Thursday, “I think there is probably a more targeted way of dealing with that issue.”

At a press conference on Tuesday to introduce the bill along with Senator Tom Cotton (R-Ark.) and Roy Blunt (R-MI), Graham predicted that the Taylor Force Act “if it gets to the Senate floor it will be overwhelmingly passed,” while assuring that President Donald Trump would sign the legislation.

Typically, the legislation’s next step would be review and approval in the Senate’s Foreign Relations Committee (SFRC), where Corker and Cardin serve as top members on the body. Often bills never arrive for a Senate floor vote because of opposition within the SFRC.

The bill was named after a US military officer who was stabbed to death by a Palestinian terrorist while participating in a study abroad program in Israel. The Taylor Force Act was introduced last Congressional session but failed to pass the Senate and obtained no Democratic support.

Corker, Cardin wary about Taylor Force Act Read More »

Report: Jared Kushner attended Michael Flynn’s controversial meeting with Russian envoy

Jared Kushner, a senior adviser to President Donald Trump and his son-in-law, attended a controversial meeting in December between a Russian diplomat and former national security adviser Michael Flynn, The New York Times reported.

The meeting between Kushner, Flynn and Russian Ambassador Sergey Kislyak lasted 20 minutes at Trump Tower and was intended to “establish a line of communication,” White House spokeswoman Hope Hicks told The Times on Thursday.

The FBI is investigating alleged Russian involvement in November’s U.S. presidential election. Flynn resigned after failing to disclose the nature of calls he had with Kislyak in which he reportedly urged the Russians not to respond to sanctions imposed or planned by the Obama administration, saying relations would improve under Trump.

Kushner was not known to have participated in talks with Russian officials prior to the report.

“Jared has had meetings with many other foreign countries and representatives – as many as two dozen other foreign countries’ leaders and representatives,” Hicks said, adding that Kushner has not met with Kislyak since the December meeting.

In an interview with the Times of London, Trump said that Kushner, Ivanka Trump’s husband, would take on the task of negotiating peace between Israelis and Palestinians – an appointment Trump had previously floated due to the fact that Kushner “knows the region, knows the people, knows the players,” Trump described in a previous interview.

Kushner is Jewish and has visited Israel many times. His wife underwent an Orthodox conversion before their wedding in 2010.

Report: Jared Kushner attended Michael Flynn’s controversial meeting with Russian envoy Read More »

Letters to the editor: Fear of Muslims, praise for Bret Stephens, quiet Trump supporters

‘Kapos’ and Auschwitz

I read the letter from a survivor indicating that all “kapos” at Auschwitz were of the German criminal groups assigned to Auschwitz (Letters, Feb. 24). With all due respect, and I hesitate to take historical issue with survivors whose act of witness I revere, but I must. While that may have been true of his experience, it is not true of Auschwitz and certainly not of other camps.

Michael Berenbaum, Director of Sigi Ziering Institute, American Jewish University via email

Be Afraid, Be Very Afraid

My husband is not afraid of heights. He is not afraid of snakes. And he is not afraid of the sun (“The Rabbi Speaks Out,” Feb. 10). But, he is very scared of Muslims — Muslim mentality and Muslim savagery. I know because I have heard him repeat it daily for the past 46 years. 

He is afraid of Muslims because as a child living as a Jew among them, he was already witness to many atrocities committed by them.

Your mother-in-law’s aunts and uncles and cousins were murdered in the Holocaust, as were mine, but my husband’s kin were slaughtered in the streets of Algiers by Muslims.

Yes, Jews have been refugees and immigrants and have been given safe haven, myself included.

But Jews do not terrorize. Jews do not massacre. Jews do not create havoc worldwide.

I am proud of my husband because, unlike many North American Jews who either suffer from short-term memory or are brainwashed, he always remembers the inhumanity and is never afraid of being politically incorrect.

He is not afraid of speaking out against Muslims, the perpetrators of so much repeated evil against the Jews and against the world.

Naomi Atlani via email

Smart Words About Trump

I read your article on Bret Stephens taking on Donald Trump (“Five Dumb Words,” Feb. 24.) I have never been so moved. This put everything in perspective.

I want everyone I know to see this, even though I know true Trump supporters would make an excuse that this is liberal BS. They will not hear it.

Thank you for publishing this and do not stop.

Sherry Pollack via email

Daily Bruin Cartoon

I can see how some people would find the editorial cartoon that appeared in the Daily Bruin offensive, but as a Jew I believe it’s important not to assume that cartoons and articles critical of Israeli policies are necessarily either anti-Israel or anti-Semitic (“Bruin Cartoon Assailed as Anti-Semitic,” Feb. 17). I protested vigorously against the policies of the United States during the Vietnam War and approved of cartoons and articles that did the same. However, I certainly was/am not anti-American. Likewise, many of us who decry the continued building of settlements that encroach on Palestinian land are against this Israeli policy, but are not against Israel and are not anti-Semitic.

Barbara Bilson via email

No Bull From Suissa

Recently, I was introduced to David Suissa in a restaurant. When he asked me which side I am on, I responded, “On the right side: the left.” Thus, one might surmise that I often disagree with his views. However, in his recent column (“Is Trump Worse Than a Liar?” Feb. 24) he hit the nail on the head regarding Donald Trump. To summarize, he explains how bullshit is the greater enemy of truth than lies. While liars know, but manipulate the truth, bullshitters are unanchored to the truth and create “alternate realities.” I would go a step further. Although I am neither a psychiatrist nor a psychologist, I believe that a tenuous connection to reality is usually diagnosed as schizophrenia. The more common term is madness. May God have mercy on us all.  

Michael Telerant, Los Angeles

Instigating the ‘Haters’

While I agree with the nuances covered by Shmuel Rosner (“Spite Doesn’t Make Trump Anti-Semitic,” Feb. 24), unless one has been and still is like a proverbial ostrich with its head in the sand, Trump’s vitriol, rhetoric and hate encourages haters to act out. Yes, some are anti-Semitic.

Whether or not he is a friend of Israel and has a daughter and grandchildren who are Jewish, actions have consequences and his are the worst ever in the White House.

Bottom line: Anti-Semitism is on the rise due to his comments and lack of respect for all.

Warren J. Potash, Moorpark

Silent Support for Trump

The demonizing of Donald Trump in the Jewish Journal will solidify his victory in the 2020 election, as it did in 2016. Unlike the liberal opposition, unlike the Democratic opposition, the backers of Trump are a quiet lot. They do not send hate letters, they do not burn office buildings, they respect the U.S. Constitution, they do not denigrate the founding fathers, but their determination to restore the values that enabled us to defeat the enemies of freedom in World War II will again prevail, thanks to them.

Philip Springer, Pacific Palisades

Letters to the editor: Fear of Muslims, praise for Bret Stephens, quiet Trump supporters Read More »

Rosner’s Torah Talk: Parashat Terumah with Rabbi Dovid Asher

Our guest his week is Rabbi Dovid Asher, leader of the Keneseth Beth Israel congregation in Richmond , Virginia. Rabbi Asher studied at Yeshivat Shaarei Mevaseret Tzion in Israel and received his ordination from Yeshiva University. As part of his rabbinic training, he had several internships including Young Israel of East Bunswick, Riverdale Jewish Center, and Aish NY. Concurrently, he received a Master’s in Mental Health Counselling from Pace University.  After marrying Aliza, Rabbi Asher joined the Gruss Kollel, an affiliate of Yeshiva University in Israel, whereupon completing his studies they moved to Chicago to take part in a fellowship that focused on community education. In addition to his studies, Rabbi Asher has worked in various administrative positions for Aish, NCSY, and Yeshiva University.

This week’s Torah portion – Parashat Terumah (Exodus 25:1-27:19) – is largely dedicated to the detailed instructions for the building of the holy Tabernacle and the Ark of the Covenant. Our talk focuses on the idea of order and structure as a prerequisite for holiness.

Rosner’s Torah Talk: Parashat Terumah with Rabbi Dovid Asher Read More »

Avrum Schwartz, Cantor at Shomrei Torah, 79

Cantor Avrum Schwartz, who for 42 years was a cantor of Congregation Beth Kodesh of West Hills, which in 1994 merged with Temple Beth Ami of Reseda and became Shomrei Torah Synagogue, died Feb. 9 after a brief illness. He was  79.

Schwartz was born Sept. 13, 1937, to Hy and Muriel Schwartz in Philadelphia. When he was 2 years old, his family relocated to Southern California, where they lived in the Fairfax District.

Schwartz performed services with the Jewish youth organizations AZA and BBG in the 1950s, and trained privately with prominent cantors in Los Angeles, his wife, Marion, said. He attended Fairfax High School and UCLA, where he was a cantor for Hillel at UCLA.

He met his future wife on a blind date. “We were fixed up by mutual family friends,” Marion said. They were married in June 1962.

Over the years, Schwartz taught thousands of bar and bat mitzvah students, and also prepped young people for a Bible contest called Chidon Tanach.

“He was very motivated by Chidon Tanach,” Marion said. “He taught junior high and high school students to participate in the Bible contest. Winners in California went on to win in New York and then went on to participate in Israel.”

Schwartz also was an authority on the Jewish theologian Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel. “He used to lecture on Heschel in synagogues and in study groups, and had one of the largest bibliographies of Heschel’s works,” Marion said.

“Cantor Schwartz always understood that his teaching was just as powerful on the tennis court or at the ice cream parlor, and sometimes even more impactful as a result of allowing his students to see him as a real human being,” wrote Rabbi Richard Camras of Shomrei Torah in an email. “His passion was infectious, his desire for his students’ success palpable. But make no mistake, his standards weren’t just high, his expectations demanding. He expected the best because that is what he expected of himself.”

While a cantor, he also worked at J Roth Bookseller in the city. After retirement, he continued to teach Hebrew and bar and bat mitzvah students, and lecture on Jewish thought and philosophy. He worked at House of David, a Jewish bookstore and Judaica shop, for the past 15 years.

“He was non-discriminatory — he didn’t only teach Jewish people,” his son Howard said. “He also taught non-Jews who were interested in Jewish thought and philosophy. He taught Hebrew from the original texts — he taught anyone who wanted to learn anything about Judaism; he made himself available. The last three or four years after closing the House of David in the evenings, he’d drive out to Lancaster and teach Christian groups about Judaism.”

In the last few years, he walked the 3 1/2-mile round trip to Chabad West Hills to read Torah for congregants, Marion said.

“He loved to read — that’s why he worked in those bookstores,” Howard said. “His knowledge of books was extraordinary. He also loved music — classical, jazz and pop music. He also loved sports — basketball, baseball, football, tennis. Being from Philadelphia, he liked the Phillies and Eagles. … When he’d be teaching at Hebrew schools, he’d play basketball with some of his students, just to show he was a regular person.”

Schwartz and his wife enjoyed trips to Israel, Spain, Italy and Morocco. Both of their sons became bar mitzvah in Israel.

Schwartz is survived by his wife, Marion; daughter Elana (Avi) Feder; sons Howard (Eydie) and David; 10 grandchildren; and four great-grandchildren.

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