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March 19, 2015

Israelis are not that weird

Peace lovers everywhere are depressed about all those Israelis who voted for Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Some of these peace lovers are in near hysterics because, well, they're so sure of themselves. They're sure that a vote for Bibi was a vote against peace, and that a vote for Herzog was a vote for hope.

How could so many Israelis vote against hope?

Here’s what I'm sure about: Israelis aren’t weird. Most Israelis would love nothing more than to give the Palestinians their own state if it meant real peace, but they've concluded that, right now, a Palestinian state means war, not peace.

How weird is that?

Let’s listen to a longtime Israeli expert on what a Palestinian state might mean:

“Israel will have problems in preserving day-to-day security, which may drive the country into war, or undermine the morale of its citizens. In time of war, the frontiers of the Palestinian state will constitute an excellent staging point for mobile forces to mount attacks on infrastructure installations vital for Israel's existence, to impede the freedom of action of the Israeli air-force in the skies over Israel, and to cause bloodshed among the population in areas adjacent to the frontier-line.”

That was peace lover Shimon Peres being extra candid in his 1987 book, “Tomorrow is Now.” And that was before the region started imploding with ISIS, Al Qaeda, Hamas, Hezbollah, Syria and a threatening nuclear Iran competing for who can be the most violent, and before Israel left Gaza and was rewarded with 10,000 rockets.

“Most Israelis would wave goodbye to the West Bank … but they don’t want the Gaza scenario to repeat itself,” another peace champion, Amos Oz, said to the New York Times last summer during the Gaza War.

How weird is that?

I know what you’re thinking: Isn’t it criminal that an Israeli Prime Minister would scream to the world that there won’t be a Palestinian state under his watch? Yes, it is. When the late Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin admitted to the world in his final Knesset address in 1995 that the Palestinian entity he had in mind would be “less than a state,” I guess that was criminal.

The irony is that in his pre-election statement that drove many people nuts, Bibi didn’t even go that far. As Jewish Journal political editor Shmuel Rosner explains, “Netanyahu did not say that he opposes the two-state solution—he said that under current circumstances he doesn’t see a Palestinian state established in his coming term as prime minister. And he is probably right in his assessment.”

How weird is that?

You know why so many Israelis voted for Bibi and against the false hopes of peace? Because they don’t trust the world to make peace for them, and they especially don’t trust President Barack Obama.

Obama’s decision from the very beginning of his presidency to maximize the pressure on Israel while leaving the Palestinians virtually off the hook was exactly the wrong approach to earn the trust of Israelis. That’s because the pathetic story of the failed 20-year peace process is a story of Israel making one concession after another with the Palestinians refusing to compromise and launching intifadas and terror rockets.

Even if you’re an Israeli voter who hates Bibi and thinks he made many mistakes, why should you trust Obama’s approach of pressuring only the Israelis? It’s not that complicated: When it comes to their security, Israelis look at the hard reality of their enemies– and Bibi got a lot of those voters.

As Thomas Friedman wrote in the New York Times, “The insane, worthless Gaza war that Hamas initiated last summer that brought rockets to the edge of Israel’s main international airport and the Palestinians’ spurning of two-state offers of previous Israeli prime ministers (Ehud Barak and Ehud Olmert) built Netanyahu’s base as much as he did.”

How weird is that?

It’s true that Bibi’s great failure has been allowing the great portion of the blame for the absence of peace to fall on Israel’s shoulders. That’s a tactical failure, and it’s an enormous one. It’s also true that Bibi’s status quo mentality is lame and short-sighted. At the very least, he ought to call the Palestinians’ bluff and relieve some of the relentless and disproportionate pressure on Israel.

But all those peace-loving Israel supporters who are unleashing their wrath at Bibi right now should take some of the responsibility for that failure. Instead of being so sure of themselves and talking down to Israeli voters, they ought to ‘fess up that their 20-year strategy of pressuring mostly Israel to make concessions for peace has been a disaster. 

One, it has reinforced Palestinian intransigence and killed any hope for peace. Two, it has nourished the global lie that the failure is all Israel’s fault. And three, it has alienated a significant group of Israeli voters.

How weird is that?


David Suissa is president of TRIBE Media Corp./Jewish Journal and can be reached at davids@jewishjournal.com.

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White House says evaluating path forward after Netanyahu’s comments

The White House said on Thursday that it is evaluating its path forward following Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's comments that he was backing away from a two-state solution.

White House spokesman Josh Earnest told reporters it is clear that Netanyahu during his campaign walked back from his previous commitment to a two-state solution with Palestinians.

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Netanyahu: I haven’t changed policy on Palestinian state

Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu denied on Thursday abandoning his commitment to the eventual creation of a Palestinian state, backing away from comments he made during his re-election campaign that drew sharp criticism from Israel's ally the United States.

“I haven't changed my policy. I never retracted my speech in Bar-Ilan University six years ago calling for a demilitarized Palestinian state that recognizes the Jewish State,” Netanyahu said in an interview with MSNBC two days after winning a bitterly contested Israeli election.

“What has changed is the reality,” Netanyahu said, citing the Palestinian Authority's refusal to recognize Israel as a Jewish state and the Hamas militant group's continued control of the Gaza Strip.Netanyahu drew a sharp rebuke from the United States and the international community for his comments on the eve of Tuesday's election that there would be no Palestinian state created on his watch. The quest for Palestinian statehood is a cornerstone of both U.S. diplomacy going back decades and President Barack Obama's Middle East policy.

On Wednesday, the White House scolded Netanyahu for abandoning his commitment to negotiate for a Palestinian state and for “divisive” campaign rhetoric toward Israel's minority Arab voters.

Netanyahu backed off his election eve comment on Thursday.

“I don't want a one-state solution. I want a sustainable, peaceful two-state solution. But for that, circumstances have to change,” he told MSNBC.

In another signal that the Obama administration is looking to turn up the heat on Netanyahu after his re-election, the White House is sending Obama’s chief of staff, Denis McDonough, to address the liberal pro-Israel U.S.-based group J Street on Monday.

The group, a proponent of two states side by side, opposed Netanyahu in the election campaign and sharply criticized both his reversal on Palestinian statehood and remarks in which he accused left-wingers from abroad of working to turn out minority Arab Israeli voters to unseat him.

In the television interview, Netanyahu dismissed any suggestion he was racist. “I'm not,” he said.

Netanyahu's frosty relations with Obama worsened when he accepted a Republican invitation to speak to Congress two weeks before the Israeli election, a move assailed by Democratic leaders as an insult to the presidency and a breach of protocol.

Partisan divisions over the Israeli leader burst into the open again in Congress on Thursday when several Republican members accused Obama of throwing a “temper tantrum” over the Netanyahu address.

Democratic Representative Gerry Connolly shot back: “I cannot let that go by. A foreign leader has insulted the head of state of the United States government. It’s not a temper tantrum, and it didn’t start with President Obama.”

Netanyahu, who received a congratulatory phone call from U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry on Wednesday, said he was sure he would speak with Obama soon. “We'll work together,” he told MSNBC. “We have to.”

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British PM pledges additional millions for security for Jewish schools, synagogues

British Prime Minister David Cameron pledged millions of dollars in new funds to Jewish schools and synagogues to be used for security.

Cameron, speaking Wednesday at the annual dinner of the Community Security Trust, Britain’s Jewish security watchdog group, pledged about $14.9 million in new money for security “this year and every year, for as long as necessary.”

The money is to pay for guards and other security measures for private Jewish schools and for synagogue security, as well as for a control center for the operations of the Community Security Trust.

Jewish state schools already receive about $3 million in funds for security.

Cameron in his speech praised the Jewish community for its “enormous” contribution to Britain, and vowed that his government would give “everything we have got” to protect Jews.

“If the Jewish community does not feel secure then our whole national fabric is diminished. It is not just about the enormous contribution you all make to our society — it is more profound than that. It is a measure of the vigor of our institutions and the health of our democracy that the Jewish community feels safe to live and flourish here,” he said.

“At a time when once again the Jewish communities of Europe feel vulnerable and when anti-Semitism is at record levels here in Britain I will not stand by,” Cameron added.

Cameron also congratulated Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu on his reelection, saying, “With me you will always have a British prime minister whose belief in Israel is unbreakable and whose commitment to Israel’s security will always be rock solid.”

The Community Security Trust  reported last month that it had recorded 1,168 anti-Semitic incidents for 2014, the highest annual total ever and more than double the previous year.

Some 269,000 Jews live in Britain, making up 0.4 percent of the population.

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Alberto Nisman was a ‘scoundrel,’ Argentinian Cabinet chief tells reporters

Argentinian Cabinet Chief Aníbal Fernandez  called the late AMIA special prosecutor Alberto Nisman  a “scoundrel” and  a “wretch.”

Nisman “embezzled  public funds” using money meant to fund the AMIA special unit in order “to go out with women” and “to pay workers who did not work,” Fernandez told journalists Wednesday before entering the Government House.

Fernandez on Thursday clarified through the state news agency Telam that in his statements the previous day he was not referring to the late Alberto Nisman’s private life, but talking about his actions that have “penal significance,” such as the misuse of public funds or withholding half the salary of an employee.

Diego Lagomarsino, who has been charged in Nisman’s death for lending Nisman the handgun that was used to kill him, has through an attorney accused the prosecutor of withholding half of his wages.

On Wednesday, Argentine philosopher and writer Santiago Kovadloff responded to the Cabinet chief. “When you attack a dead man and discredit him in the way he did, it’s because that dead man is alive. If he’s alive, it’s because he’s has a great deal of significance. Because he has a great deal of significance, you have to discredit him,” Kovadloff said at the first of planned monthly rallies to remember Nisman, attended by about 200 people.

Nisman, who was Jewish, was found dead on Jan. 18, hours before he was to present evidence to Argentine lawmakers that President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner covered up Iran’s role in the 1994 AMIA bombing in Buenos Aires.

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Nine ways to display your books on a shelf

I recently received a decorating S.O.S. call from a friend. She had just bought a beautiful set of bookcases, and as soon as they were installed in her living room, she eagerly placed all her books on the shelves. But something wasn’t right. It all looked a little blah. Unfinished. Even haphazard. Could I do something about it, she asked.

After staring at the bookcases for a few seconds, I made two quick fixes that took just seconds to do, without rearranging any of the books. And the difference was like night and day. First, I moved all the books forward. Just because a bookshelf is 16-inches deep does not mean you should push all the books to the back to make use of that depth. Next, I lined them all up about an inch from the front of the bookshelf. All of her books, of course, had different widths, but lining them up to the same point gave them a uniformity that was really pleasing to the eye. It’s amazing how those two simple adjustments could so change the look of the bookcases.

After working with design clients over the years, I’ve realized that a lot of people are at a loss when it comes to appointing their bookshelves. Sure, you can just cram a bunch of books in a row, like most people do. But is there an artful way to display your books so that you can show you’re as stylish as you are well read?

Beyond pushing your books forward, let’s look at some different ways to arrange them. Because a picture is worth a thousand words (sorry, books), I’ve photographed nine display configurations — some you undoubtedly already know about, and a few new ones that might spark some design inspiration. 

The Classic Vertical

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Hate messages painted on Hollywood, Fla. synagogue

Vandals defaced a synagogue in Hollywood, Fla.

Hate messages and cryptic warnings including “I’m watching you,” and “[expletive] Jews” appeared on B’nai Sephardim, a Sephardic synagogue, the Miami Herald reported. The synagogue serves about 700 families, according to the B’nai Sephardim website.

Hollywood Police Chief Frank Fernandez said on Wednesday that his department takes “any type of hate messages very seriously,” and promised a thorough investigation.

“These are individuals that want to spread hate, and there is no place for that in our community,” he said.

Fernandez said the offensive painted vitriol appeared sometime between Monday night and Tuesday morning. The gate of the synagogue had been left open overnight because construction crews were working late.

The Anti-Defamation League  decried the incident. Hava L. Holzhauer, ADL’s Florida regional director, said Wednesday night that the vandalism “is damaging to the community. It is physical damage to a place of worship, and it’s also emotional damage.”

Rabbi Leol Benhamu told Miami Herald news partner CBS4 that seeing the spray-painted messages was painful.

“That bring up memories of the past, Holocaust memories and persecution for Jews. I got upset,” Benhamu told the station.

The Hollywood incident joins a string of hate-inspired vandalism in the area. On March 8, a 24-year-old man was arrested after police say he yelled in Arabic at the son of a rabbi in front of a Miami Beach synagogue and then threatened to cut his head off.

In February, hate messages appeared on homes, mailboxes and fences in Miami Gardens. There were several incidents last year, including one in September where a swastika and the letters “KKK” appeared on a temporary sign at Temple Emanu-el, the oldest Conservative Jewish congregation in Miami Beach.

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Dieudonne convicted of condoning terrorism

The French comedian Dieudonne M’bala M’bala was found guilty of condoning terrorism for social media posts sympathizing with the Islamist gunman who killed four Jews at a Paris-area kosher supermarket.

On Wednesday, a Paris court gave Dieudonne a suspended two-month jail sentence. He had faced up to seven years in jail and a $106,000 fine.

Dieudonne posted “I feel like Charlie Coulibaly” on Facebook on Jan. 14, days after the hostage siege at the Hyper Cacher supermarket that ended with the four murders and an attack two days earlier at the satirical weekly Charlie Hebdo magazine that left 13 dead. His post mixed the phrase in support of the magazine — “Je suis Charlie” — with the name of the killer, who also shot a policewoman dead during the murderous spree.

He later removed the post from Facebook.

Dieudonne has been convicted seven times for inciting racial hatred against Jews. He has been charged almost 40 times under France’s hate-speech laws.

Some see Dieudonne as a symbol of France’s growing anti-Semitism problem because of his performances featuring anti-Semitic jokes and creation of the quenelle, a Nazi-like salute that French Prime Minister Manuel Vals has called a “gesture of hatred” and anti-Semitic.

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Young Jewish chefs stake their claims in Downtown L.A.

Even newcomers to Los Angeles sense how the klieg lights are shifting in a different direction. Especially when it comes to what’s happening in restaurant kitchens around downtown. 

“It’s an exciting time to be here for the change that L.A. is going through,” said chef Sara Kramer, who moved here from New York City just last year. 

After intensive efforts by civic boosters and city officials, downtown is finally heating up in earnest. Bon Appetit magazine selected Alma, on Broadway, as its best new restaurant in the U.S. for 2013. Meanwhile, a walk today through historic Grand Central Market provides a glimpse into the evolution that’s continued briskly since Wexler’s Deli began slinging its house-cured salmon and praised pastrami about a year ago. 

Things also look pretty different in the Arts District, farther east downtown, where controversies over urban-planning issues such as gentrification, parking and density remind us that cities aren’t static places and that even some of our oldest neighborhoods go through growing pains. 

For people who love food, these transformations mean a more varied and delicious landscape. Here are four businesses operated by enterprising young Jews who have a stake in the latest chapter of downtown L.A. dining. 

Madcapra

Kramer decided to leave her restaurant post at Glasserie in Greenpoint, Brooklyn, for a welcome change of scenery, relocating to her boyfriend’s hometown of Los Angeles. She came to L.A. without a firm restaurant plan in place, and now aims to open Madcapra, a falafel and Middle Eastern food stand, in Grand Central Market by late spring with business partner and fellow chef Sarah Hymanson.

“It feels like there’s a lot of momentum now, and we’ve had a lot of opportunity come to us after we started looking,” Kramer explained about her arrival in Southern California.

Kramer’s almost exclusively vegetarian, “vegetable-forward” menu will showcase California produce. “We’ll source things locally,” Kramer said, “because it’s the responsible thing to do, and it’s also more delicious.” 

But don’t look to Madcapra to replicate the experience of eating on the streets of Jerusalem or Tel Aviv. 

“It’s not going to be traditional in the slightest,” she said. Instead, Madcapra will use “falafel as the platform, but it’s also not about building ourselves as an Israeli or Middle Eastern brand. It’s about modernizing the idea of a falafel sandwich.” (Crowds at the recently opened Dune, in Atwater Village, demonstrate how a contemporary take on falafel has an eager audience.) 

Food served at Madcapra’s 14-seat stall will explore how there’s “so much in Middle Eastern and eastern Mediterranean food to work with, that there’s a broad palate. We want to do that area of the world justice,” Kramer said.  

As for the mysterious name, Kramer explained, “Madcapra was inspired by a particular goat that Sarah and I kept around as our sort of ‘spirit animal.’ ” Since capra is Latin for goat, “one day it just clicked with the word ‘madcap,’ and it stuck.”

317 S. Broadway; madcapra.com

Clark Street Bread

Zack Hall of Clark Street Bread rose to the top of the city’s best bread offerings soon after he began baking out of his West Hollywood apartment last year. Having left his career as a musician to pursue a new, all-consuming passion by apprenticing at Proof Bakery in Atwater Village and Kenter Canyon Farms, Hall embraces a style of artisanal bread baking that requires stamina and discipline in order to craft his naturally fermented dough (i.e. made without commercial yeast or any chemical additives) using grains from Central Milling and Pasadena’s Grist & Toll

Zack Hall of Clark Street Bread

This is not your father’s bread factory, although it might have been somewhat like your great-grandfather’s baking business in the old country. 

He began working out of Grand Central Market late last year — first on a pop-up, then on a permanent basis — to keep up with demand for his wholesale clients, which include restaurants Petit Trois and Trois Mec, and decided to add the small retail component. Clark Street Bread’s output is currently approximately 250 loaves per day, which means Hall and his four employees always sell out of the baguettes, miche, whole-wheat loaves, variations on egg-loaded brioche, Danish rye and whatever other special breads might be offered daily from 10 a.m. on. (He tries to have about six varieties available for retail sale.) You might be able to snag a loaf if you get to  Melrose Place farmers market early enough on Sundays; the breads are also available at a handful of other select retailers.

A Beverly Hills High School graduate, Hall grew up attending Stephen Wise Temple, had a bar mitzvah and traveled to Israel. Now he’s managing the intense pressures of running his business (“it’s harder than I ever thought,” he said), as well as handling the climate quirks that come along with Grand Central Market’s physically open environment. (Being able to control factors of temperature and humidity typically makes bakers’ lives easier.)

Although his current location in the market affords him visibility, Hall also looks forward to expanding his business westward, closer to the neighborhoods in which he grew up, in the near future. For now, however, Clark Street is in terrific company with the old-time market stalwarts and newcomers. 

317 S. Broadway; instagram.com/clarkstreetbreadhttps://www.facebook.com/clarkstreetbread

The Springs

Going from growing up in a deli-owning family outside of Cleveland, to establishing a career in theater, to opening up an extensive wellness center complete with a raw vegan restaurant in Los Angeles sounds like a chapter pulled from the next phase of the Jewish-American experience that not even Saul Bellow could have conjured. In the case of Jared Stein, who spent much of his youth working with his father and relatives at Corky & Lenny’s Deli in Woodmere, Ohio, it’s simply his life story. 

Today, inside the former paper distribution warehouse that’s now The Springs on Mateo Street in the Arts District, customers can take a yoga class, have colon hydrotherapy or a hot-stone reflexology session, and enjoy a raw vegan meal prepared by its executive chef, Michael Falso. 

Stein’s personal dietary conversion began one summer at the Union for Reform Judaism’s Goldman Union Camp Institute in Indiana, when he opted for the vegetarian meal track. What his parents assumed was a phase ended up being anything but.

He then earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in drama at New York University and lived in Manhattan while traveling the country as a musical director. It was while touring with the musical “American Idiot,” based on the music of the band Green Day, that Stein and his partner, Kimberly Helms, also a theater professional on tour with the show, fell in love with Los Angeles and, specifically, the Arts District. 

Kimberly Helms and Jared Stein (inset) are owners of The Springs

They set their sights on combining various holistic streams under one large roof. “Why aren’t all these things in one place?” Stein recalled asking. 

At the same time, he stays connected to his former professional life by keeping a baby grand piano and other instruments in a corner at The Springs for live music events several nights a week. “I get that fix,” Stein said.

So, what do his parents make of his quintessentially Southern Californian business that’s a long way from a traditional Jewish deli? 

“They thought I was crazy, but they’re so supportive, and they’re amazed” at the outcome, Stein said. His enthusiasm for clean and conscious living has even rubbed off on them somewhat — they’ve adopted a pescaterian and overall healthier diet.

608 Mateo St.; thespringsla.com

Ori Menashe’s next project 

Ori Menashe already helms Bestia, one of the hottest restaurants in Los Angeles since he opened it with L.A. restaurant macher Bill Chait in late 2012. By the following year, he already publicly announced plans to open a Middle Eastern concept somewhere near Bestia in the Arts District. 

Menashe’s new menu will reflect the flavors he grew up with in Israel (where his family relocated after he was born and had lived in Los Angeles for a few years), as well as his parents’ Georgian and Moroccan heritages. 

“I cook Middle Eastern food at home — that’s my comfort food. Italian food is, too, but I don’t know — Middle Eastern food is just natural to me,” Menashe told the Los Angeles Times. 

He won’t currently disclose additional details, but the restaurant is slated to open this fall. 

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Aliyah debate exposes French Jewry’s internal fault lines

A burst of applause greeted Holocaust survivor Marek Halter and his close friend, Imam Hassen Chalghoumi, as they entered the Synagogue de la Victoire together in January.

Halter, a celebrated author and friend of French Prime Minister Manuel Valls, is known for his outreach to moderate Muslims, and his appearance with Chalghoumi at the packed synagogue on Jan. 11 was seen as a hopeful sign after the murder of four Jews two days earlier at a kosher supermarket near the capital.

As the rising tide of anti-Semitic violence in France has led to record levels of immigration to Israel, Halter has emerged as a leading voice urging French Jews not to flee. In January, he published a 63-page manifesto, titled “Reconcile Amongst Yourselves,” that urged French Muslims and Jews to work together to make France a more tolerant place for minorities.

French Jews should “stay and fight for their place in society instead of packing their bags and leaving in the face of adversity,” Halter told JTA.

Halter is among the most prominent French Jews to urge his coreligionists to stick it out in France, but his campaign is exposing tensions between integration-minded progressives — many of them Ashkenazi, like himself — and a more insular Sephardic majority that favors aliyah.

Sephardic Jews are believed to constitute a disproportionate number of French immigrants to Israel — 80-90 percent, according to Sergio DellaPergola, a sociologist at Hebrew University and one of the world’s foremost experts on Jewish demography. Overall, Sephardim represent about two-thirds of French Jewry.

The overrepresentation of Sephardim, according to DellaPergola, owes to “traumas that many North African Sephardim who settled in France after the 1950s brought with them, from living in Muslim societies where many enjoyed a peaceful coexistence, but where many others were beaten and discriminated against.”

Violent anti-Semitism “brings back very unpleasant memories for Sephardic Jews, who already have a higher propensity to make aliyah also out of religious sentiment as they come from more traditionalist societies,” DellaPergola said.

Last year, 7,231 French Jews moved to Israel, a record-setting figure nearly three times the number who came in 2012 and which made France the world’s largest source of new Israeli immigrants. After the supermarket killings and the murder of a volunteer security guard outside a synagogue in Denmark, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced that Israel was preparing for massive immigration and urged European Jews to consider the Jewish state their home. Some officials at the Jewish Agency, the semi-official body that coordinates global aliyah, expect as many as 15,000 Jews to arrive from France this year.

Following the attack at the Hyper Cacher market, Halter’s call for French Jews to stick to their proverbial guns was joined by other members of the French Jewish elite, including the philosopher Bernard-Henri Levy and French Chief Rabbi Haim Korsia, who during the same meeting at Synagogue de la Victoire said, “Aliyah should never be the result of fear, only of an internal calling.”

But Siona, a group representing Sephardic French Jews, responded forcefully to a reproachful Halter Op-Edpublished in Le Monde last year urging Jews not to abandon their country to jihadists and the far-right National Front party.

“Instead of advising French Jews on a reality he does not know, Marek Halter should devote himself to the international salons he attends and the world greats he meets,” Siona’s president, Roger Pinto, said in a statement that seemed to underline widely held perceptions of a disconnect between the French Jewish elite and its rank and file.

The discourse reflects a “growing split in the different attitudes to aliyah — not so much between Sephardim and Ashkenazim, but between a traditionalist majority where Sephardim constitute a strong element, and a secularist elite that has some prominent Ashkenazim, but also Sephardim,” said Karin Amit, an expert on French Jewry at the Ruppin Academic Center in Israel.

Hundreds of thousands of North African Jews immigrated to France in the 1950s, along with millions of Muslims. Replenishing the ranks of a community that lost a third of its members in the Holocaust, the newcomers inherited the community’s leadership from a declining population of Eastern European Jews. Current aliyah trends may return the leadership mantle to more secular and more assimilated Jews, DellaPergola said.

Among those determined to stay is Gilles Goldberg, an Ashkenazi businessman from the affluent suburb of St. Mande and one of those who applauded Halter at the synagogue on Jan. 11.

“Halter speaks for me because I agree that the current problems mean we need to work harder than ever on a solution,” Goldberg said. “But some of my friends, especially Sephardim, turn inward or to Israel for the answer.”

One of those friends is Serge Perez, who was born in Algeria and left after the start of the country’s civil war in the 1950s. Perez now lives in Paris, in a poor and heavily Muslim part of the city that provided some 40 percent of Jewish immigration from the Paris region.

“Some give French Muslims and society the benefit of the doubt,” Perez told JTA at the synagogue. “But I have no doubt: French society gave up its Jews once and will again. And the Muslims, if they’re a majority where I live, I will live elsewhere.”

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