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June 8, 2016

America First: Trump doubles down on a term that makes many Jews queasy

Donald Trump is doubling down on his America First policy.

After Trump used the term “America First” in late April to describe his policies, the Anti-Defamation League sent him a letter urging him to drop the historically tainted slogan — speaking for Jews and others who remember it as the name of the isolationist movement championed by a notorious anti-Semite to keep the United States out of World War II.

But in a speech Tuesday night following his victories in the last six state primaries, the presumptive Republican nominee for president made clear he’s not about to take the ADL’s advice and abandon the slogan.

America First, Trump said, reading from a teleprompter, means protecting American jobs from “unfair foreign competition,” tapping America’s energy resources (including coal), instituting protectionist tax and regulatory policies, loosening regulation, reducing taxes for middle-class Americans and businesses and protecting American workers from immigrants.

“It’s important to understand what ‘America first’ means,” Trump said in his speech, as if directly addressing critics of his use of the term.

At its core, Trump’s policy shares some elements with the isolationism promoted 75 years ago by leaders of the America First Committee.

Created in 1940 after Hitler already had invaded Poland, the America First Committee argued that the U.S. should take a neutral approach toward Nazi Germany, and even do business with it, because the Nazi regime did not threaten America directly. Among its most noteworthy leaders was aviator Charles Lindbergh, who publicly espoused anti-Semitic viewpoints. Lindbergh warned that Jews posed a threat to the U.S. because of their influence over the media, movies and government.

The echoes of the America First Committee in Trump’s own America First policy include but are not limited to foreign policy. Lindbergh argued in 1941 that America shouldn’t help Britain because Britain was destined to lose the war and the effort would deplete America’s defenses. Trump says he would not have intervened in Libya to topple Libyan strongman Muammar Gadhafi (though video from 2011 recently surfaced showing Trump endorsing U.S. intervention in Libya) and he opposed the war in Iraq.

As Lily Rothman has noted in Time, Lindbergh, like Trump, said he had the backing of a silent majority of Americans who weren’t being given voice by a hostile media. Back in 1941, Lindbergh fingered the Jews as the culprits, saying they were pushing the U.S. toward war through their control of the media. In this year’s campaign, Trump believes the media is against him, too – not because they’re Jews but, he says, because they’re liars.

Over time, the America First Committee’s strength waned. Though the movement, in a bid to cast off its anti-Semitic reputation, tried to advance the argument that it was looking out for the best interests of America’s Jews, many moderate isolationists steered clear.

Evidence suggests a growing majority of Americans supported U.S. intervention in the war, and the argument became moot on Dec. 7, 1941, when Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. The next day, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called for and received a formal declaration of war from Congress.

“The period of democratic debate on the issue of entering the war is over,” America First Committee chair Robert Wood said. “[The committee] urges all those who have followed its lead to give their full support to the war effort of the nation, until peace is attained.”

The term America First cropped up again from time to time after that. In 1944, a group called the America First Party ran a candidate for president; the nominee got less than 2,000 votes nationwide. A write-in candidate in the 1960 presidential campaign also used that party name (winning even fewer votes than the 1944 nominee).

And in 2002, a group of activists who supported Pat Buchanan – a man many Jews consider anti-Semitic – broke off from the Reform Party to start a new America First Party. The party was pro-life, anti-gun control and anti-immigration. Its candidates went nowhere.

But even without sharing the least palatable goals of the original America First Committee, Trump seems keen on resurrecting a term with notorious baggage.

“[F]or many Americans, the term ‘America First’ will always be associated with and tainted by this history,”ADL CEO Jonathan Greenblatt said in April. “In a political season that already has prompted a national conversation about civility and tolerance, choosing a call to action historically associated with incivility and intolerance seems ill-advised.”

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Tonight, 20 Minutes from Tel-Aviv

Terror attacks have become a part of our routine, ever since the latest wave started, about 8 months ago.

But the thing about terror attacks is that even in this unrealistic reality of ours, they still take us by surprise. Time and again, they leave us in disarray and complete shock, as they pull us out of the normal life we try so hard to have. 

Last week there was a stabbing attack on the street where I work, minutes after I left, while my friends were still at the office. Tonight, it happened again, not too far from there.

We were sitting at home, watching the unREAL's season premier, eating dinner. Moments before that, my fiance and I practiced some dance moves for our wedding. Then, in one second that we sadly know too well, the world turned upside down. A “push notification” from a leading national news channel informed us that there was a shooting terror attack in one of the most popular places in Tel-Aviv, where we often go to enjoy hanging out.

From being a normal couple, watching TV and enjoying a good dinner after a long working day, we turned into two Israelis following a terror attack. Phones were drawn, rapid texting had begun, phone calls were made. Is everyone okay?

In moments like that, we are no longer individuals, but parts of the Israeli collective. Everyone updates everyone, and when someone gets a confirmation that someone else is okay, they forward the message to everyone else. In moments like that, no one can concentrate on anything but making sure everyone's okay. 

Tonight, I had one friend at the scene, and one who was nearby. Both said they're physically okay.  It's 11:30pm here now, and we're still making calls and texting, in the attempt to ease the burden caused by the slightest chance anyone we know got hurt.            

One by one, locals, and non-locals who enjoy spending their nights in Tel-Aviv confirmed their well-being, to our relief that everyone is okay.

After the sigh of relief comes the next step: The realization that not everyone is okay–3 killed, more injured, 4 of them severely. While they're not our friends or family, they are someone's. Their only crime was to be born as Israelis, and be at the wrong place at the wrong time. 

Then, the realization that it could have been us starts to sink in. We go there a lot, heck, I wanted to go there tonight after work. And what about next time? It can happen at any time, at any place, to anyone. No one is safe, ever.

For 8 straight months we've been trying to collect the fragments of our lives, and every time we manage to do so, to hold our heads high and promise to not cave in to terror, we're being scared back to our homes. 

Tomorrow, we'll wake up and go to work. People will be hesitant, but still go out after work, even to the very same place where two terrorists murdered innocent people. It's hard, and we know our “normal life” bubble will soon shatter again, but it's a must. On the day we'll stop pulling ourselves together, united, we will let terror win.

And terror cannot win. 

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L.A. welcomes Israeli Air Force for inaugural dinner

At dusk on May 26, in the courtyard of Nessah Synagogue in Beverly Hills, smartly dressed Angelenos sipped scotch and swiped sushi from hors d’oeuvres trays. Two figures stood out: a pair of Israeli Air Force (IAF) personnel in powder-blue uniforms, mingling politely.

The two officers had flown in for the inaugural banquet of the IAF Center Foundation, the Beverly Hills-based fundraising arm of a civilian-military partnership called the IAF Center.

“I can feel the love for Israel in this room,” Lt. Neta Shinekopf, 25, an IAF Center youth instructor, told the guests after everyone had moved inside for the gala.

Framed photographs of Israeli aircraft hung from the ballroom balcony, where the $500-a-plate dinner was held. Before dinner was served, the photos were auctioned for as much as $3,000 apiece. 

Though the foundation wouldn’t disclose exactly how much was raised, a spokesperson said it was enough to sponsor 50 Israeli high schoolers to attend the center’s youth leadership training program, which includes a four-day boot camp.

“We’re able to build together a bridge between the force in uniform and the youth,” Brig. Gen. Uri Oron, director of IAF intelligence, who also traveled from Israel to attend the event, told the Journal.

Simcha Salach, executive director of the center, said it was founded some 16 years ago, when a group of air force veterans began looking for a way to give back to the institution responsible for securing Israel’s skies.

Visiting high schools, they began to understand the impact they could have simply by donning their uniforms and speaking with young people.

“We saw the admiration,” Salach said. “We saw how the younger generation are looking at the Israeli Air Force.”

Also at the gala was Lt. Ben (his last name was withheld because he is an active duty combat officer), an IAF fighter pilot originally from New Jersey. He knows firsthand the power of the uniform. 

He said a visit to his Hebrew school class by a group of uniformed Israel Defense Forces (IDF) soldiers when he was a child in the United States was a formative experience.

“Seeing a solider in uniform was very compelling and made me want to be the same one day,” he said in an interview at the IAF Center Foundation office, wearing the IAF uniform himself. 

The IAF Center handles various services, including bereavement support for air force families, and runs a think tank to grapple with questions from air force leaders. But its core function is to inspire leadership and Zionist values among pre-IDF youth.

“The main goal is to enhance the sense of Zionism and patriotism among youngsters, and to instill values, the culture, the history, the stories about the Israeli Air Force,” Shinekopf said.

Besides the heroics for which it is famous, the IAF holds a special status in Israel because of its centrality to the state’s security apparatus, Oron said.

“I cannot imagine almost a single major security issue that the Israeli Air Force is not involved [in],” he said. “So basically we have a very unique perspective.”

At the gala, Salach framed donations to the center as an “investment” in the future of the Jewish state.

“The State of Israel was a miracle, but it took leaders with vision to bring us back to the land that was promised to us,” she said.

In the interview, Salach said the job of nurturing leaders was once taken up by widespread youth movements similar to the Boy Scouts (she was a member of two separate movements growing up). But now, she said, a deficit in leadership looms. 

The IAF Center’s youth training program seeks to remedy that. It culminates with an actual flight experience, where trainees see the country they’re defending spreading out beneath them.

Salach added, “The idea is not only to experience flight, but to see Israel from above.”

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Cemeteries initiative has preserved 70 Eastern European graveyards

A German-funded pilot program for protecting Eastern European Jewish cemeteries has helped preserve at least 70 graveyards since 2015, the effort’s initiators told Council of Europe delegates.

The briefing Wednesday in Strasbourg about the European Jewish Cemeteries Initiative, or ESJF, came two years after its inception with an initial budget of $1.35 million, Yossi Beilin, a former justice minister of Israel and a member of ESJF’s advisory board, told JTA.

The briefing at the Council of Europe, a body of 47 member states that aims to encourage pan-European cooperation and dialogue, was partly intended to help “find more resources for the next steps” and make ESJF into a permanently functioning body with core funding, Beilin said.

The initiative has restored cemeteries in Ukraine, Poland, the Czech Republic, Belarus, Serbia and Moldova, Beilin said.

“The goal is to locate those cemeteries disappearing in the forests, build a fence around them, install a gate, pave an access road, install a plaque and then, if possible, connect the cemeteries with local schools so authorities can use them as educational tools to teach children about the Jewish communities that once existed there,” he said.

The Council of Europe, a non-executive body that is unconnected to the European Union, does not directly fund the initiative, Beilin said, but it presents an avenue for approaching individual governments and organizations for funding to sustain it.

Poland and Slovakia alone have approximately more than 2,000 Jewish cemeteries between them, many of them in disrepair. Just the fencing for all of Poland’s 1,400 Jewish cemeteries would cost approximately $32 million, according to the country’s chief rabbi, Michael Schudrich.

In April, Thorbjorn Jagland, the secretary general of the Council of Europe, visited a Jewish cemetery in Frampol, Poland, which was one of the 70 worked on by ESJF. The project was carried out with help from a local school, “which was totally recruited for this project, and introduced students for the first time to the fact that there existed a Jewish community there 70 years ago,” Beilin said.

All of Frampol’s Jews were killed in the Holocaust. The genocide and subsequent emigration decimated once-large Eastern European communities, making it financially impossible for the small congregations that remained to bankroll restoration and upkeep of Jewish cemeteries.

In 2012, the Council of Europe adopted a nonbinding resolution placing responsibility for the care of Jewish cemeteries on national governments. The resolution was based in part on a report that said Jewish cemeteries are “probably” more vulnerable than other cemeteries.

In addition to frequent vandalism, including for anti-Semitic reasons, at Jewish cemeteries, the report also noted instances of cemeteries in Eastern Europe that have been turned into “residential areas, public gardens, leisure parks, army grounds and storage sites; some have been turned into lakes.”

 

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The holiday of diaspora Jewry — a suggestion

Shavuot — the Feast of the Weeks — is a modest holiday. It is one of the three biblical pilgrimage festivals, though not as central and celebrated as the two others — Passover and Sukkot. Content-wise, it is a classic Jewish combination of agriculture and theology. It marks the all-important wheat harvest in the Land of Israel (Exodus 34:22), and it commemorates the anniversary of the day God gave the Torah — or, more accurately, the Ten Commandments — to the entire nation of Israel assembled at the bottom of Mount Sinai. Its timing stems directly from that of Passover; the holiday’s name, Shavuot, means “weeks,” and it marks the completion of seven weeks of counting in the wake of Passover. According to Jewish mythology, the people of Israel were freed from their enslavement to Pharaoh on Passover. Seven weeks later, on Shavuot, God gave them the Torah, making them a nation committed to serving God.

Shavuot also tends to be less celebrated than other major Jewish holy days, except by more observant Jews. Nonetheless, it has potential for more, and I would suggest it’s time to rebrand it as the holiday for Diaspora Jewry. In an era when our society is no longer bound by the cycles of agriculture, and the Bikkurim ceremony (the offering of first fruits to God) has become mostly obsolete, it is Shavuot’s spiritual and theological components that remain compelling. And the Ten Commandments given on this very day, according to our tradition, remain relevant in modern times. The holiday and the commandments together offer a profound alternative to the current Diaspora identity.  

There is no doubt that the State of Israel was, for decades, the center of gravity for many of the Jewish people. But now, almost seven decades after the establishment of the Jewish state, Israel’s attraction — its magnetism —  has dimmed somewhat. Many studies show that fewer Jews in the Diaspora are committed to the well-being of Israel than was the case just a few decades ago. And younger Jews are even less bound to it. There are many explanations for this phenomenon — differences in value systems, cultural divergences and, perhaps, disparate political priorities. 

But there is something that connects us: The Ten Commandments are the only body of text in the Torah explicitly given by God. We love quoting the values named therein: Observe the Sabbath; respect our parents and the sanctity of life (“Thou shalt not kill”). In these commandments, we feel an intimacy between God and us, particularly through the directly personal and unique language of “thou” and “thy.” But the most interesting content of the commandments is not named. This God-given constitutional covenant, the nucleus of Judaism, never names the Holy Land or the temple; there is no shrine or Kohanim (priests), not even a kingdom or sovereignty or government. The Ten Commandments are an abstract set of rules, with no grounding in institutions. 

Why is that? 

If we travel back in time, we are reminded that the revelation at Sinai occurred just seven weeks after the miracle of the Exodus. From the top of the mountain, God, via Moses, proposed to the people a far-reaching, comprehensive alternative to the “Egyptianism” they had just escaped. The Egypt of the Bible is the embodiment of top-down tyranny. At Sinai, God offers an alternative, a bottom-up political philosophy of everything that is not Egyptian: No central government. No single ruler. No state-enforcing institutions. No privileged classes, not even sacred social strata. The new nation is a liberated one, based on the individual (thou). It consists of many individuals inspired by the eternal call of freedom: “Let my people go.” 

Every member of the new nation is equal to the others, and the heck with any human despotism. And as such, this ancient text is a timeless stand against any manifestation of Egyptianism, by any people, us included. 

The current, third Jewish commonwealth, the Israel of today, is fully defined by land and government, religious institutions and privileged classes. And that is one of the main reasons it no longer is the defining connector of the Jewish Diaspora. Diaspora Judaism today is a totally different Jewish corpus of ideas and content than in Israel. It is almost a different Judaism, much closer to the original version of Sinai. 

Diaspora Judaism celebrates the individual, and in that, Shavuot is its most representative holiday. 

Chag sameach.

Avraham Burg is an Israeli author and social activist, a former speaker of the Knesset and former chairman of The Jewish Agency.

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Swiss Jews oppose punishing students who refuse to shake teachers’ hands

Swiss Jews spoke out against a regulation that makes it illegal for schoolchildren to refuse to shake hands with their teachers because of religious reasons.

A regional school board last month ruled that schools in Basel Country can fine parents up to $5,000 if their children refuse to shake hands with teachers, as is customary at graduation ceremonies.

The ruling was in reaction to the refusal of two Muslim boys to shake hands with female teachers at a public school in northern Switzerland. Like with devout Muslims, some devout Jews also refrain from touching members of the opposite sex because they view doing so as inappropriate.

Switzerland has approximately 400,000 Muslims, who constitute 5 percent of the population, and 20,000 Jews.

“We think that students, in public, should shake their teachers’ hand,” Jonathan Kreutner, secretary general of the Swiss Federation of Jewish Communities, said in a statement sent in an email Wednesday. “But imposing a compulsory handshake under threat of sanctions is not the right way.”

The affair generated considerable attention in the media and among politicians in Switzerland, where many residents oppose societal changes connected with the arrival of many Muslims in recent decades. In 2009, a majority of Swiss voted in a referendum against the construction of minarets. Shechitah and dhabihah, the Jewish and Muslim traditional ways of performing ritual slaughter of animals, respectively, are illegal in Switzerland.

Last month, Kreutner told the Schweiz am Sonntag weekly in a first reaction to the handshake affair that whether pupils shake their teachers’ hands or not, what really matter is that students “show respect for their teachers.”

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New anti-Semitism definition replaced scrapped EU version, US official says

The new international definition of anti-Semitism that mentions Israel hatred was adopted in part to replace a similar one scrapped by the European Union, an initiator of the new text said.

Robert Williams, a delegate of the United States at the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance, or IHRA, told JTA on Tuesday that his intergovernmental agency of 31 Western nations adopted its new definition of anti-Semitism last month partly as a response to the 2013 removal from the website of the EU’s anti-racism agency of a definition that also mentioned the demonization of Israel as an example of anti-Semitism.

“After that happened, we decided at IHRA to have discussions about adopting a definition, and the result was the adoption of a text very similar to the definition abandoned” by the European Union,” Williams said.

Manifestations of anti-Semitism, the new definition reads, “might include the targeting of the State of Israel, conceived as a Jewish collectivity,” though “criticism of Israel similar to that leveled against any other country cannot be regarded as anti-Semitic.”

Like the abandoned EU definition, the IHRA text also lists comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany as anti-Semitic.

The EU definition was dropped following lobbying by pro-Palestinian activists and pulled it offline from the website of its anti-racism agency. In response to a query about the removal, an EU spokesperson told JTA in 2013 that the definition was never official. Israel protested its removal.

According to the spokesperson, the EU neither has nor needs a definition of anti-Semitism to fight the phenomenon.

Williams and Mark Weitzman, chair of the IHRA Committee on Antisemitism and Holocaust Denial, promoted the adoption of the new definition with diplomats from Romania, the current IHRA chair, the United States and Israel, Williams said. He said the adoption of an IHRA definition also was a response to an increase in anti-Semitic incidents in Europe and beyond.

In addition to the demonization of Israel, the IHRA definition also mentions classic forms of Jew hatred, such as collective stigmatization and calling for harm.

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The rabbi and the yogi

My husband, Jeremy, and I first met Rabbi Moshe Greenwald and his wife, Rivky, at a Chanukah candle-lighting ceremony in Pershing Square in 2010, when we were just dating. Two years later, when we talked about getting married, I decided to convert to Judaism. Jeremy was born Jewish and I was eager to join the tribe. So, I looked up Rabbi Moshe (the only rabbi I had ever met at the time). I was prepared for a very traditional experience — like Charlotte from “Sex in the City” — with the three refusals and all. But that’s not what I got. 

The rabbi and I met, and he heard me out, and then he suggested I set aside the idea of conversion for the moment and start by learning as much as I could about Judaism. 

But then I mentioned I was a yoga teacher. He said he was trying yoga for the first time in hopes of getting in shape. He’d chosen Bikram yoga — a practice completely void of any religious teachings with an emphasis on physical stamina. For those who aren’t familiar, Bikram yoga is intense. And he was struggling with it.

He proposed a trade. He would make himself available to answer all of my many, many questions if, in return, I would act as a kind of yoga consultant, offering him explanations, tips and context to help make the practice more accessible. This sounded like a really good deal to me. He would offer me guidance in whatever I wanted to learn — prayers, Hebrew, Jewish culture, whatever. And I would help him deepen his yoga practice.

But here’s the thing: I’m me. And he is an Orthodox Chabad rabbi. 

So there would be rules. I would just have to figure out what they were. 

I had no way of knowing this agreement would evolve into a limitless exchange of emails, texts and sidebar conversations during Shabbat dinners. And in those exchanges a friendship was born. We shared experiences as a way of cracking open the wisdom and traditions in which we were each versed. 

He taught me about the importance of drawing spirituality into the physical world.

And I taught him to be patient and compassionate with himself. 

This wasn’t like any friendship I had ever known. Usually, when you become friends with someone, you are drawn together by a common experience — like school or work. We seemed to come from two polar-opposite worlds. And yet, when we shared yoga and Judaism, our very different worlds didn’t highlight the ways in which we were different. They did the opposite — they showed us how much we were alike. I was a daydreaming, soon-to-be-engaged, L.A. yogi. He was family man leading a congregation in one of the most diverse communities in Los Angeles. 

But, at the end of the day, we were just two people trying to figure out life in the best way we knew how — two people trying to balance obligations and forgive ourselves for being imperfect. 

Despite connecting on a very human level, there were these rules that seemed to draw boundaries around our relationship. Like, touch. In case you aren’t familiar with the rules of Orthodox Judaism, an Orthodox man will not touch a woman unless he’s married to her. To Rabbi Moshe, touch was reserved for his wife only. 

But I’m a really affectionate person. I hug my friends. A lot. Shoot, I’ll hug a complete stranger. In the time we spent together, I felt the impulse to hug him as I would any of my friends, male or female. Because touch wasn’t allowed, and my primary concern was always acting out of respect, I became clumsy and stupid around him, literally leaping out of the way when he passed by, or dropping books because I couldn’t figure out what to do with my fingers when handing one to him. Over time, I was able to relax because I realized it wasn’t all that hard to live within this boundary. 

There’s this other rule. As an Orthodox Jew, not only was Rabbi Moshe prohibited from officiating at my wedding, he couldn’t even attend the ceremony because I ended up converting to Judaism under the tutelage of a Conservative rabbi, not an Orthodox rabbi. I learned this long before my husband and I were engaged, so I never even asked. Though when we finally announced our engagement, he called to congratulate us and wish us a lifetime of blessings. He expressed a desire to be there. But he couldn’t be. 

Though I wasn’t surprised at all by this, I was disappointed. People asked if I was offended. I wasn’t. 

I don’t need to be an Orthodox Jew to relate to one. I don’t need to live in that world or follow those rules. 

To take this one step further — I don’t need to be gay, or Asian American, or transgender, or living below the poverty level to connect to those experiences. I only need to be human. 

I may not agree with all the rules of Orthodox Judaism. But I can respect them. And that’s enough.

The truth is, we all have rules we live by. We may not be wearing outward signs of them everywhere we go, but they’re there. And sometimes we hate the rules. Ask any teenager, and she’ll tell you rules suck. But without them, we wouldn’t know what’s important, what’s sacred, what’s worth drawing a boundary around. Whether we’re standing on the edge of a cliff, or speeding down a highway or exploring a relationship, without rules, we might not know when we’ve gone too far until it’s too late.

This year, on the first night of Passover, my family gathered in the ballroom of the Alexandria hotel to celebrate with the entire downtown Jewish community, with Rabbi Moshe at the helm. I witnessed one of the sweetest sights I’ve ever seen — Rabbi Moshe swooped up my toddler son in his arms and began to sing “Oseh Shalom.” My husband joined, and very soon a small group of men were circling in the center of the room. 

But then a young woman approached the circle of men to join in. So, right — women cannot dance with Orthodox men. Without missing a beat in the song, my rabbi kindly told her the circle was only for men. It was an easy mistake to make. She was moved by the spirit of the moment and wanted to join. Her only mistake was in not knowing the rules. 

An embarrassing moment for sure, but a human one. Looking back, I wish I had jumped up to dance with her. Women can start their own circles and dance separately.

But it was OK. She’s learning the rules. We’re all learning the rules. And in doing so, we often come right up against the edge of our comfort zones. Sometimes we even step out of them. 

Shoot, I practically live in that space, teetering on the edge of my comfort zone. And I’m happy for it. Because as a result, I have a lifelong friendship with, yes, an Orthodox Chabad rabbi that both thrives within the boundaries and transcends them. 

Jazmine Aluma is a Los Angeles-based writer, yogi and mother. Her blog, WritingInBold.com, is where she explores and shares all the ways in which she gets life wrong and the truths she discovers along the way. Her work has been seen in The Huffington Post, Bust.com, LA Weekly and LA Yoga magazine, among others.

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The defense of (converting for) marriage act

Last July, I converted to Judaism after five years of studying and undergoing major lifestyle changes: I moved to a Jewish neighborhood, started keeping kosher, took off for Shabbat and the holidays, joined an Orthodox synagogue and learned with a chavrusa

Today, my observance has grown, and I keep taking on more and more mitzvot. I feel closer to Hashem than ever. 

None of that has stopped the outside world, however, from questioning just how legitimate my conversion actually was. At times throughout the process, and even after, I’ve been asked, “Did you convert for your husband?” and then was told — yes, told — that I only converted because I was in love. 

As if that’s a bad thing. 

As a writer, I’ve covered conversion a lot, profiling the spiritual journeys of others and offering my own personal essays. I know how tough it can be to go through the process, and I want to show support to my fellow gerim. When I’ve told my own story, though, I’ve gotten my fair share of negative feedback, which ranged from passive-aggressive to downright venomous. 

On a recent piece I published, one of the comments posted online read, “So you fell in love with some guy and decided to start living your life by his club’s rules and regs. Not exactly a shocker. Lots of women do this.” Another lovely commenter stated, “I would’ve appreciated this more if she had just admitted that she was doing it pretty much entirely for her husband.”

Internet trolling aside, there is a huge stigma in Jewish culture and society at large surrounding the concept of converting for love. But, given the right circumstances and right person, I think it’s entirely OK.

With Shavuot approaching, I found myself thinking about the story of Ruth, perhaps the Torah’s most famous Jew by choice. She converted to Judaism after following her widowed, impoverished mother-in-law, Naomi, to a strange new land — Bethlehem. 

According to Dina Coopersmith, a writer for The defense of (converting for) marriage act Read More »

ADL offers $2,500 reward to find perpetrators of assault on Muslim man

The Anti-Defamation League has offered a $2,500 reward for information leading to the arrest of people who assaulted a Muslim man in New York City.

Mohamed Rasheed Khan, 59, was riding his bicycle outside the Center for Islamic Studies in Queens last week when he was assaulted by three unidentified assailants, according to an ADL news release Wednesday. He was taken to the hospital with serious injuries.

The ADL has offered rewards in the past for information about anti-Semitic hate crimes. Evan Bernstein, the ADL’s New York state regional director, said the organization has also previously offered rewards relating to anti-Catholic crimes.

Bernstein told JTA that the reward regarding Khan’s attackers demonstrates that the ADL cares about minority rights beyond the Jewish community.

“It’s about being fair,” he said. “If we’re going to protect the Jewish people, we need to make sure all minority groups are protected. One way we can do that is help the NYPD and help communities solve these crimes.”

The reward for information on Khan’s attackers is substantially lower than what the ADL has offered for information on anti-Semitic attacks. In February, the ADL offered a $10,000 reward for information leading to the arrest of Keny Rochelin, who stabbed a Jewish man in the Brooklyn neighborhood of Crown Heights.

Bernstein attributed the difference in the amounts to ADL budgetary restrictions. He said the reward could rise should the suspects continue to remain at large.

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