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July 2, 2009

Bernie Madoff’s Next Trial

Now that the earthly trial of Bernard Madoff has come to an end with a sentence of 150 years in prison, he will await his next trial — the heavenly one.

Although eschatology is not emphasized in Judaism, there is a recurring metaphor in rabbinic literature of a “heavenly tribunal,” an accounting of one’s actions on earth. For 2,000 years, rabbis have imagined what questions might be asked at such a trial. Astonishingly, one sage, Rava, imagines the very first question you are asked in heaven is: “Were you honest in your business dealings?”

In the months since the Madoff story broke, clergy have weighed in on the lessons of the scandal in hundreds of sermons. Some have focused on the pain of the victims, others on the greed of the perpetrator. Most conclude with exhortations regarding the importance of business ethics. Priests and rabbis, imams and pastors, have used the Madoff case as an opportunity to remind their congregants that trust and accountability are the bedrock values of business.

Why on earth — or rather, why in heaven’s name — would the first question one is asked in heaven be about business? Because it’s not just about business. The question is about honesty, integrity, faithfulness. If you are not honest in your business dealings, can you be trusted to be honest in other relationships? If you are not honest with others, can you be honest with yourself? If you are not faithful with others, can your faith in God be trusted?

The idea that those entrusted with other people’s money have a fiduciary responsibility to safeguard and account for it dates back to the Bible itself. When the Israelites receive the Ten Commandments, God instructs Moses to solicit gifts from “every person whose heart so moves him.” These gifts are then to be used for building a Tabernacle, an elaborate sanctuary fashioned from precious metals, stones and wood.

It is quite the construction project, requiring significant contributions of treasure from the people. When it is completed, Moses gives a detailed public accounting of the expenditures.

Why? Wouldn’t the people have trusted their great leader?

Some commentators imagine that the people did not trust Moses. Others suggest that Moses anticipated the accusations, taking upon himself a process of accountability in order to pre-empt the suspicions of others. In either case, the clear lesson is that leaders of a community must avoid any hint of personal aggrandizement when entrusted with public funds.

Madoff committed another offense, in addition to stealing: He brought shame upon the Jewish people. Many of the charities and nonprofit organizations losing hundreds of millions of dollars served the Jewish community, including the foundation of Nobel laureate Elie Wiesel.

Since the Madoff confession, the Jewish community has gone through much anguish and soul searching. How could a Jew perpetrate this devastating fraud on fellow Jews, including major foundations and institutions that have been obliterated in one fell swoop? Madoff made a mockery of the notion that all Jews are responsible for each other.

These are some of the questions Bernard Madoff will be contemplating in prison as he serves out his sentence. Although we may not witness his next trial, the one before the heavenly court, it is not difficult to imagine what his sentence will be.

Ron Wolfson is the Fingerhut Professor of Education at American Jewish University, president of Synagogue 3000 and author of the forthcoming book “The Seven Questions You’re Asked in Heaven: Reviewing and Renewing Your Life on Earth” (Jewish Lights Publishing).

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About

Our Orthodox Rabbis and an Orthodox Maharat writing about how they see Judaism, Israel, the Jewish People and our world.

Rabbi Hyim Shafner is the Rabbi of Bais Abraham Congregation in St. Louis, Missouri. Prior to Bais Abraham Rabbi Shafner was the Rabbi of the St. Louis Hillel at Washington University in St. Louis for eight years. He has S’micha (Rabbinical Ordination), an MSW in social work and an MA in Jewish philosophy from Yeshiva University in New York City. Before coming to St. Louis Rabbi Shafner was the Rabbi of India where he and his wife, Sara Winkelman, spent a year working with the Indian Jewish community under the auspices of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. They have three children, and live in University City, Missouri. Rabbi Shafner is the author of The Everything Jewish Wedding Book.

Rabbi Asher Lopatin, spiritual leader of Anshe Sholom B’nai Israel Congregation, a modern Orthodox synagogue in Chicago, received his ordination from Rav Ahron Soloveichik and Yeshivas Brisk in Chicago, and from Yeshiva University in New York as a Wexner Graduate Fellow; he is an honorary alumnus of Yeshivat Chovevei Torah.  Rabbi Lopatin holds an M.Phil. in Medieval Arabic Thought from Oxford University and has done doctoral work, also at Oxford University, on Islamic Fundamentalist attitudes toward Jews, while on a Rhodes Scholarship from Massachusetts (1987).

Rabbi Lopatin’s interest in being a pulpit rabbi stemmed from his leadership in at Hillel at Boston University and at the Jewish Society at Oxford University. He maintains his interest in Islam by co-chairing the Muslim-Jewish task force of the Jewish Council on Urban Affairs and lecturing frequently on Islam, the Quran, and fundamentalism.

In 2008 Rabbi Lopatin was named one of the top 25 pulpit rabbis in America by Newsweek magazine, and in 2009 Anshe Sholom was named as one of the 25 most vibrant congregations in America.  He is Vice President of the multidenominational Chicago Board of Rabbis as well as a member of the Orthodox Chicago Rabbinical Council and the Rabbinical Council of America.  He sits on the board, ex-officio, of the Chicago Jewish Day School, as well as the Jewish Council for Urban Affairs.  Rabbi Lopatin is a Senior Rabbinic Fellow of the Shalom Hartman Institute and contributes a regular parsha column to the Chicago Jewish News.

Married to Rachel Tessler Lopatin, and together with their children, Shayna, Cara, Judah and Gideon, Rabbi Lopatin plans aliya for the summer of 2011, to hopefully help build a pluralistic and diverse community in the Negev.

Mahara”t Sara Hurwitz serves on the Rabbinic staff at the Hebrew Institute of Riverdale where she holds the title of Mahara”t, an acronym for Manhigah Hilchatit Ruchanit Toranit – a leader capable of serving the halakhic, spiritual and educational needs of her congregants. She graduated from Drisha’s three-year Scholars Circle Program and, completed five years of studying Jewish law under the supervision of Rabbi Avi Weiss. Concurrently, she served the congregation in many pastoral, teaching, and advisory roles. Upon completing her studies, Sara was conferred with this new tirle by Rabbi Avu Weiss, Rabbi Dr. Daniel Sperber, and Rabbi Joshua Maroof.  Sara received a BA from Barnard College of Columbia University. She lectures throughout the United States and has authored several articles that have appeared in journals and books. Additionally, Sara has helped develop a Kallah Curriculum for prospective brides. She is married to Josh Abraham and is the mother of three sons.

Rabbi Yosef Kanefsky was ordained in 1989 at Yeshiva University, from where he also received a Master’s Degree in Jewish History.  He began his rabbinic career in 1990, as the associate Rabbi at the Hebrew Institute of Riverdale, New York. The Hebrew Institute is one of the national flagships of Modern Orthodoxy.  Rabbi Kanefsky came to B’nai David – Judea Congregation in Los Angeles in the summer of 1996. During his tenure, he has helped B’nai David – Judea emerge as a voice of creativity and innovation within Orthodoxy, and as a vital link between the Orthodox community and the larger Los Angeles Jewish community. He has also introduced changes in synagogue ritual and leadership intended to enhance the role of women in Orthodox life, and has established social action as a central dimension of the congregation’s activity.

He is a past president of the Board of Rabbis of Southern California, and a regular contributor to the Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles.

Rabbi Kanefsky is married to Sari Abrams, and they have 3 sons: Ori 20, Adin 16, and Yakir, 8.

Rabbi Barry Gelman is Rabbi of United Orthodox Synagogues of Houston, Texas. Rabbi Gelman has also served as Rabbi at the Hebrew Institute if Riverdale, Congregation Shaar Hashomayin in Montreal, Canada and Kehilath Jeshurun in New York. He has S’micha (Rabbinical Ordination), and an MS in Jewish Education Yeshiva University in New York City. He is the author of Irresistable Judaism: A Collection of Inspirational Sermons and Essays.

Rabbi Zev Farber received his ordination (yoreh yoreh) and advanced ordination (yadin yadin) from YCT Rabbinical School. He is the founder of AITZIM (Atlanta Institute of Torah and Zionism) – a small adult-education initiative. Rabbi Farber serves on the board of the International Rabbinic Fellowship (IRF) and is the coordinator of their Vaad Giyyur. He is also a PhD candidate at Emory University’s Graduate Division of Religion.

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Vatican to launch inquisition?

I’ve heard several complaints today about a story from The New York Times about a new “inquisition” into U.S. nuns. Not The Inquisition, but an inquisition.

Written by the excellent Laurie Goodstein—really, she’s one of the best religion reporters out there—the article opens:

The Vatican is quietly conducting two sweeping investigations of American nuns, a development that has startled and dismayed nuns who fear they are the targets of a doctrinal inquisition.

(skip)

Some sisters surmise that the Vatican and even some American bishops are trying to shift them back into living in convents, wearing habits or at least identifiable religious garb, ordering their schedules around daily prayers and working primarily in Roman Catholic institutions, like schools and hospitals.

“They think of us as an ecclesiastical work force,” said Sister Sandra M. Schneiders, professor emerita of New Testament and spirituality at the Jesuit School of Theology at Berkeley, in California. “Whereas we are religious, we’re living the life of total dedication to Christ, and out of that flows a profound concern for the good of all humanity. So our vision of our lives, and their vision of us as a work force, are just not on the same planet.”

Out of character for Goodstein, this story comes off as one-sided and skeptical, at best, of the Vatican’s intentions. Which is where the story gets interesting. See, there are plenty of people who think the Vatican has been delinquent in its oversight of its stateside sisters.

For a great analysis of the story behind the story, read Rod Dreher’s blog. He writes:

How hard would it have been to have contacted well-informed orthodox Catholic sources to explain what many heterodox nuns have been up to for decades, without eliciting so much as a peep from Rome? Why was there no mention of Sr. Laurie Brink’s 2007 keynote address at the Leadership Conference for Women Religious confab? Excerpt from the address:

The dynamic option for Religious Life, which I am calling, Sojourning, is much more difficult to discuss, since it involves moving beyond the Church, even beyond Jesus. A sojourning congregation is no longer ecclesiastical. It has grown beyond the bounds of institutional religion. Its search for the Holy may have begun rooted in Jesus as the Christ, but deep reflection, study and prayer have opened it up to the spirit of the Holy in all of creation. Religious titles, institutional limitations, ecclesiastical authorities no longer fit this congregation, which in most respects is Post-Christian.

Sr. Brink praises Catholic nuns’ orders that have made this “courageous” choice. Gee, you think that this sort of thing being said as the keynote speech at the convention of the major US nuns’ organization might cause the Vatican to wonder what in the hell was going on with American nuns?

Don’t be fooled: This is a big brewing story. Whether you agree with Sister Brink or not, there is nothing Catholic (big “C”) about her call to move “beyond Jesus.”

The rest of Dreher’s commentary is here. My new colleague at GetReligion, tmatt, also touched on these developments back in April.

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Jackson’s former wife sues for custody of kids

Debbie Rowe, Michael Jackson’s former wife and mother of his two oldest children, asked a court in Los Angeles to restore her parental rights, partly because of the pop icon’s association with the Nation of Islam, “whose members don’t like Jews.”
    “Because she is Jewish,” the court noted in 2005, “Deborah feared the children might be mistreated if Michael continued the association.”
    The same year, Jackson took the children to Bahrain, and Rowe again protested to the court, the Los Angeles Times reported Thursday.
    Rowe worked in the offices of Beverly Hills dermatologist Dr. Arnold Klein, when she met Jackson, Klein’s patient.
    The singer and Rowe married in 1996, with both parties apparently quite clear that the sole purpose of the marriage was to give Jackson the children he wanted.
    After the birth of Prince Michael, Jr., now 12, and daughter Paris Michael Katherine, 11, the couple divorced in 1999.
    Since then, Rowe has alternately ceded and reclaimed her parental rights, which has been labeled by Jackson’s lawyers as a ploy to get more money from her ex-husband.
    According to a just discovered will, Jackson assigned custody of the two children, and a third from an unidentified surrogate mother, to his mother, Katherine. A court has assigned temporary custody to the 79-year old Mrs. Jackson.
    Rowe, 50, is an avid animal lover and now lives on a horse ranch in Palmdale, in northern Los Angeles County.
    Legal experts believe that as the two children’s biological mother, Rowe will have a strong claim to their custody, if she decides to fight for them.

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Day One: Very Loud, Very Silent

Jewish Journal columnist David Suissa is in Israel for 10 days, studying at the esteemed Shalom Hartman Institute in Jerusalem. While there, he’s blogging about his trip and what he’s learning.

Israel hits me in so many ways. The first and obvious way is the noise.

After the “Screaming Babies” flight, it was the airport noise. I got my luggage and wanted to get to Jerusalem with the least amount of hassle. Passengers seemed to be going every which way. Before I could figure out where to go, I met a Syrian-Jewish-Israeli “cab” driver who I quickly figured out was roaming the exits hoping to find a sucker American tourist who wouldn’t mind paying a higher fare.

I decided to be that happy sucker. 

Ami, the driver, is a freelance operator who tries to make a buck with his own car, which, incidentally, was parked in the airport garage. But hey, I’m sure he fought in a couple of wars for the motherland, so I’ll give him some of my sucker money.

Plus, I knew that these kind of drivers love going the extra mile.

This came in handy about 30 minutes later, when we were negotiating the winding streets of the Rehavia neighborhood towards my hotel.

To our right, we saw an Asian-looking woman running on the sidewalk screaming hysterically.

Two other women, who looked Israeli, were tending to a frail-looking older woman who was crouching against a short wall. Traffic was slow, so Ami and I had a good view of the scene.

“I think she dead”, he said.

It was hot and muggy. My mind flashed back to those horrible news reports a few summers ago from France when so many old people perished in a heat wave.

Ami’s premonition didn’t stop him from driving his car right up on the sidewalk, grabbing a bottle of water from his trunk and running towards the old woman, with me running just behind him. 

He gave the bottle to one of the Israeli women, who raised the limp face of the old woman and tried to put water in her mouth. It didn’t help. Meanwhile, the Asian woman (she was a Phillipino caretaker—there are many of them in Israel) was in hysterics, screaming for the ambulance that hadn’t yet arrived and trying to revive the old woman whom she had obviously become very close to.

The way she was screaming, it could have been her mother. 

Ami, however, didn’t like the screaming. He kept telling the woman to calm down, but she would have none of it.

A few minutes later, we heard the siren of an ambulance. But strangely, even though the siren sound felt very close, I couldn’t see an ambulance.

The sound was coming from a little motorcycle!

Because the traffic in Jerusalem can get very dense, and many of the roads are ancient and narrow, I learned that emergency paramedics from Magen David Adom often fly by in motorcycles to get there quicker.

The paramedic stopped his bike and removed his helmet with the cool flair of James Bond and rushed with his equipment to the old woman. By now, a little circle of onlookers had gathered, with the Philipino caretaker still in hysterics, the Israeli women still trying to get the old woman to drink, Ami still trying to calm the caretaker down, and me, observing the whole scene, feeling guilty about thinking other thoughts than the welfare of the old woman (Should I take a picture of the scene with my i-phone? Should I interview the Philipino woman? Will I blog this?).

It must be that all the noise—the screaming siren, the wailing caretaker, the human commotion—plus the tight squeeze of the blood pressure belt administered by the paramedic, had an awakening effect on the old woman.

We all watched as her face slowly rose and her eyes opened.

As she started looking around at the commotion she caused, the main ambulance arrived, and a paramedic brought out a stretcher. The sight of the stretcher really excited the old woman.

“I want to go home!” she said in Hebrew.

I think Ami also wanted to go, because he started nudging me with a little “yala”, the Israeli way of saying “let’s get outta here.”

The old woman, stretcher or no stretcher, was now in good hands. The Philipino caretaker had calmed down, the Israeli women started to walk away (one of them with a limp), and Ami and I made our way to the Inbal hotel (which is close to the Hartman Institute, where I begin my studies on Thursday.)

But more noise awaited me. 

Late at night, as I tried to catch up on some sleep, I heard live music from my hotel window. A rasta singer with five musicians were belting out hip hop, rock and jazz fusion tunes (including a rock version of “These are a few of my favorite things” from “The Sound of Music”), in an outdoor theater with maybe a hundred or so people in the audience.

I was exhausted, but the music and the scene were too good to pass up, so I went out into the night, figuring that I could sleep when I get back to LA.

From the crazy flight to the clandestine driver to the sidewalk drama to the late night music, it’s been a noisy start to my trip.

But in the morning, as I walked towards the elevator with only the thought of Turkish coffee on my mind, another scene hit me. 

This scene made no noise whatsoever. 

It was the sight of mezuzahs, one after another, posted on every door.

In America, I always take special note of mezuzahs (“Hey, another Jew, cool!”).

Here in the Holy Land, mezuzahs are everywhere, and they scream Jewish and Israel—along with everybody else.

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State Budget Crisis Threatens Jewish Social Service Programs

Four Jewish Family Service of Los Angeles programs that serve the elderly, disabled and frail may end up casualties of the state budget crisis, which leapt to a new level of urgency Tuesday as California lawmakers failed to pass budget revisions before a July 1 deadline.

More than $4 million in state funding for JFS could be zeroed out if Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger has his way; budgets currently working their way through legislative committees also require significant cuts on top of previous cuts made during last September’s budget negotiations. If no budget compromise is reached in the legislature before California runs out of money, JFS could be forced to close down programs that aim to keep indigent elderly and disabled clients out of institutions, and another that gives shelter to victims of domestic abuse.

JFS fears clients’ lives are in the balance.

Huge portions of the state’s social service network are in jeopardy. Even best-case scenarios significantly cut programs that serve the poor, disabled, elderly, ill and abused, and most recipients in programs throughout the state will see cuts in multiple resources they access.

“We have long said that we like to see ourselves as an important part of the safety net,” said Paul Castro, CEO and executive director of JFS, a beneficiary agency of the Jewish Federation of Greater Los Angeles. “As a result of all this the safety net is going to be broken. Where in prior years when the net was broken we had been in a position to catch people if they fell through, our best hope now is to just help break the fall, because we aren’t going to be able to catch them.”

Schwarzenegger and the legislature passed an 18-month budget last February that had been meant to remain in effect through June 2010. But California’s declining revenues and the failure of the May 19 propositions to free up initiative-locked dollars rendered the February budget worthless, a situation lawmakers failed to remedy when they couldn’t come to agreement on budget revisions by July 1. A gap of $25.3 billion now lingers, on top of the $15 billion in cuts made in February.

JFS has received notice that Medi-Cal funded programs will continue to be paid through July, though other budget areas may receive IOUs from State Controller John Chiang that the state started issuing July 2.

Still, JFS is bracing for the worst. It is prepared to begin informing clients of potential closures; lay-off notices that it hopes it won’t have to implement already went out to staff; and JFS and the union that represents most of its staff have agreed to a 45-day closure of affected agencies so it can regroup if funding disappears.

The largest JFS program targeted is ” title=”http://www.sco.ca.gov/5935.html” target=”_blank”>http://www.sco.ca.gov/5935.html

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Mark Sanford is not King David

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South Carolina Gov. Mark Sanford, who for some reason thinks it’s God’s will that adulterers pray together, said he was not going to resign from office because of his indiscretions. That, he decided, was another mandate from God. After all, look how bad King David screwed up—and yet God used him for amazing things.

Well, governor, you’re no king. And though you may think awfully highly of yourself, you’re not a character from the Bible either.

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Can’t buy Brad Braxton love

Remember that Manhattan pastor who was unsuccessfully sued by a faction of his church that was unhappy with his pay and compensation package of as much as $600,000?

Well, the air never really cleared for the Rev. Brad Braxton. Monday, only nine months into one of the most distinguished pulpit appointments in the country, Braxton resigned.

“The consistent discord has made it virtually impossible to establish a fruitful covenant between the congregation and me,” Braxton wrote in an email to his congregation.

But the discord was not just over his pay. In fact, that might have been more of a straw man for liberal, big-tent churchgoers who disapproved of their new Baptist-ordained minister. More on the theological battle from The New York Times:

According to dissidents, Dr. Braxton went about that by bringing elements of evangelical tradition into church services. They said he called on worshipers to come forward and bear witness to their faith, favored the gospel choir over the church’s traditional choir, and preached at times what they considered a Riverside heresy: that Jesus and only Jesus was the way to salvation.

Some members of the congregation may believe that, said Constance Guice-Mills, a member of the church. “But his focus on personal salvation, on the individual, was diametrically opposed to the tradition of Riverside. Here, we believe you achieve salvation by doing social justice. Out in the world. And we have people from all backgrounds. Buddhists.”

According to supporters like Ms. Schmidt, the council chairwoman, Dr. Braxton’s theological views were consistent with the Riverside culture. But he also recognized the great challenge facing liberal Protestants — the extraordinary growth of evangelical churches for 30 years.

You can read the rest of that that story here and my commentary on it here.

That an evangelical pastor could be ask to lead a congregation with a strong contingency of members who seem somewhat Unitarian is surprising. That those members could be so influential as to force the pastor to resign against the wishes of the church majority and its board is amazing.

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