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July 1, 2008

Vote ‘Jesus for President’

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This story is not about voting for Jesus this November. He is often a popular write-in, but he won’t be on the ballot and I’m not sure what would even happen if he won. This story is about a movement that makes liberal-leaning Christians sound a lot likely socially minded Jews. It focuses on the message of Shane Claiborne, owner of a mean set of dreadlocks and co-author of “Jesus for President.”

“This whole project is about the political imagination of what it means to follow after Jesus,” Claiborne said. “The language of Jesus as Lord and savior is just as radical as it would be to say ‘Jesus as our commander in chief’ today.”

Young evangelicals represent an important swing-voting bloc. They’re not a lock for Republicans as their parents were. Their feet are firmly planted on issues dear to both parties. Traditional family values are, as they have been in the past, an important issue.

But these voters say views on abortion and homosexuality won’t define them in November. The environment and social justice are moving to the forefront of their discussions.

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Back on stage Claiborne takes the crowd through a multimedia presentation.

“With the respectability and the power of the church comes the temptation to prostitute our identity for every political agenda.”

Controversially, he quotes Harry S. Truman and Adolph Hitler, saying each used Christianity to support their ideologies.

The speech is fiery at times, pensive at others. It emphasizes caring for the poor and the downtrodden.

He talks about war and the environment. He also talks about how Jesus stood up to the Roman Empire, a message he believes is relevant to the United States now.

“For many of us, Caesar has colonized our imagination, our landscape and our ideology,” he says while a picture of Mount Rushmore flashes behind him. On the screen “Vandalism” pops up in black letters.

Trading lines back and forth from a script with Haw, they save the most wrath for Christians who they say have missed the point of the cross.

“We’ve profaned the blood at the foot of the cross and turned it into Kool-Aid and marketed it all over the world. We’ll make an art and a business out of taking the Lord’s name in vain,” Claiborne says as images of Christ on the cross and the American flag flash behind him.

They endorse no candidate and make no effort to sway the voters for one party or another.

Yada, yada, yada—the evangelical vote will matter this fall.

Let’s, however, not kid ourselves: Claiborne and his fellow travelers are not in the mainstream of American evangelicalism. This is not a bad thing. It’s just something that should be noted in a CNN story that provides little context. Indeed, social and environmental awareness are increasingly important to younger evangelicals, and emergent-church types. And many share the sentiment that Christianity has been abused for political means. But Claiborne is a radical, nonetheless; in fact, that is the subtitle of his book. The worthy question is whether he represents the vanguard of the Christian future. Unfortunately, I don’t know the answer.

(Team Jesus for President will be in California July 11-13, but won’t make it farther south than Ventura. Here Sam Barrington shares his experience listening to Claiborne, “a great prophetic voice,” in Michigan.)

Vote ‘Jesus for President’ Read More »

A direct line with The God Blog

Readers of this blog have likely noticed that the old RSS feed no longer works. It died with the launch of the new Web site. So, if you want to receive regular notifications of new content on The God Blog, click on the orange-and-white icon to the right, just below “contact,” or on this link.

I didn’t use to subscribe to RSS feeds, but since signing up for Google Reader last month, at the advice of LAist Zach Behrens, I’ve found it a lot easier to keep track of postings on my favorite blogs.

A direct line with The God Blog Read More »

God’s Blog #4: Leaving your father and mother

I’m not one to brag, but it’s important to note before going on that I’m a bestselling author. You’ve know doubt heard of my book, The Bible, but it’s not always so clear you—that’s the universal you—know what is in it. For example: I told Adam quite early on that man would one day leave his father and mother (yes, this was confusing for Adam, who had no parents) to take a beautiful bride. Marriage and family and offspring, amen!

But too many of my children these days have missed a crucial part of that statement: “shall leave his father and mother.” You’ve heard of them. They’re called Twixters, and they are like Tom Hanks in “Big”—growing older and larger but not yet ready to forgo free rent, even, in many cases, after they have cleaved to a spouse.

I am not pleased.

(Fear not if you think this commentary a ridiculous topic; you will not be smited. Just leave your comments below.)

God’s Blog #4: Leaving your father and mother Read More »

No stiff upper lip as U.K. Jews celebrate Israel @ 60

LONDON (JTA)—With a pair of massive rallies for Israel held simultaneously in London’s Trafalgar Square and Manchester’s Heaton Park on Sunday, British Jewry may be signaling that its transformation is at hand.

Some 30,000 participants attended the public shows of support for Israel, which were inspired by New York’s annual Salute-to-Israel parade.

Several thousand people waving Israeli and British flags marched from the Ritz Hotel to Trafalgar Square followed by dozens of carnival floats, cyclists, dancers and bands. At Trafalgar Square, an Israeli Cabinet minister, Britain’s secretary of state for Education and Britain’s chief rabbi all addressed the crowd. Israeli musicians performed between the speeches.

“I’m sure that my father, who served here as an officer in the British army, couldn’t have imagined that some day tens of thousands of Jews would be waving Israeli flags here in Trafalgar Square,” said Jeremy Newmark, chief executive of the Jewish Leadership Council, who helped organize the events.

Observers and critics alike said the unprecedented show of pride and self-confidence at the rallies is a sign that British Jewry is shaking off its reputation for being timid and low key.

Highlights video from the organizers

Organized by a coalition of community groups under the direction of the Board of Deputies of British Jews and the Jewish Leadership Council, the rallies were aimed at expressing solidarity with Israel at its 60th anniversary and the unity of British Jewry.

Newmark said the idea for the event was born when he and several British Jewish organization executives attended last year’s Salute to Israel parade in New York. Discussing the parade with representatives of the American Jewish Committee, Newmark recalled an AJC representative saying a New York-style Israel salute probably wouldn’t play in Britain.

But Newmark said the New York experience changed his mind.

“Seeing this tremendous display of communal unity and affirmation of the relations between not just the Jewish community but actually America and Israel, we thought, ‘Well, here is one thing that might just play in the UK,’” he said.

Israel’s minister for welfare and Diaspora affairs, Isaac Herzog, who addressed the London rally, told JTA he was pleased that “Anglo Jews decided to follow the American Jews’ example with a display of power and unity.”

An event like Sunday’s Salute to Israel could not have taken place as recently as a decade ago, Newmark said. But a political shift that has made British politics much more tolerant of minorities, lobbies and interest groups changed that, he said.

“If you want to influence political decisions in Britain, you have to operate up front as an interest group, and the community had to adjust to that,” Newmark said.

Some Jews long have complained that British Jews are too timid.

Three months ago, a renowned British-born Israeli expert on anti-Semitism, Prof. Robert Wistrich, told the Jerusalem Post that Britain’s Jewish leadership is taking a “softly, softly approach” in tackling the problem of anti-Semitism.

“There is a long tradition of doing things behind closed doors,” Wistrich said. “It is difficult to break with tradition, but it should be broken.”

Newmark believes the breakthrough is already under way.

“The caricature of Anglo-Jewry that Wistrich and others have sought to portray is no longer the case; it’s history,” he said. “Ask any minister in a government portfolio that relates to the Jewish community in any way if the Jewish community is shy about coming forward or making noise, if they feel they’re not being treated the way they want to. You’d get a pretty clear response.”

Newmark points to several high-profile media campaigns launched by the British Jewish community in the past year, including fighting an academic boycott and campaigning against the Anglican Church’s “divestment intentions,” as further evidence of the community’s willingness to speak up.

“We now have strong support for Israel within all the mainstreams in the nation’s political parties as a consequence of the work done by the Friends of Israel organizations within each party,” he said.

At the rally, Herzog lent support to this argument, saying he felt “decision makers in British politics as well as in the media are much more attentive today to Israel’s case than several years ago.”

Researchers of British Jewry say the Jewish community here has never been healthier.

Keith Kahn-Harris, a sociologist based at London’s Goldsmiths College, says research suggests that in recent years, even during the height of the second intifada, an overwhelming majority of British Jews feel settled and comfortable in their homeland.

To be sure, there are concerns about the growing threat of anti-Semitism and the virulent anti-Israel views coming from some in the media and the intellectual elite. But, Kahn-Harris said in a phone interview, “The threats are manageable and the community developed effective mechanisms to counter them.”

Yaakov Wise, a researcher at the University of Manchester’s Center for Jewish Studies, said the number of British Jews was growing for the first time since the end of World War II.

A large part of this growth is due to an exceptionally high birth rate among the fervently Orthodox, though they were largely absent from Sunday’s parades.

Also underrepresented were Israelis living in England. One communal leader admitted he was “disappointed” by the “limited success” of efforts to engage Israelis in Britain.

On the fringes of the Trafalgar Square rally, some pro-Palestinian Jews took part in a vigil organized by the Palestine Solidarity Campaign.

Brian Klug, a prominent left-wing activist who announced two months ago he had no intention of celebrating Israel’s 60th anniversary, told JTA he did find something positive about the parades in the fact that “Jews are able to express in public their views about something that affects them, which was not the case about 30 years ago when I was growing up in London.”

Still, he said, the Salute to Israel was “unhealthy.”

Salute to Israel organizers, however, didn’t seem to care much about the voices of dissent.

“We’re focused on having a good day and a few fringe voices are not going to upset anybody,” Newmark said.

At the London rally, huge screens projected greetings from Israeli President Shimon Peres and London’s new mayor, Boris Johnson, followed by a slew of American celebrities such as former President Bill Clinton, Billy Crystal, Michael and Kirk Douglas, Ashton Kutcher and Ben Stiller.

The events cost some $700,000, and nearly 600 volunteers were required to secure the Trafalgar Square rally alone.

“We promise to do this again next time Israel celebrates its 60th anniversary,” Henry Grunwald, the president of the Board of Deputies, quipped when asked if the Salute to Israel would be repeated.

“I’m sure we will have such events again in the future” he later added, “but probably not on an annual basis like in New York.”

No stiff upper lip as U.K. Jews celebrate Israel @ 60 Read More »

Obama and Bush’s evangelicals *

It’s the same story, over and over again, now from The New York Times, and with this interesting tidbit:

Between now and November, the Obama forces are planning as many as 1,000 house parties and dozens of Christian rock concerts, gatherings of religious leaders, campus visits and telephone conference calls to bring together voters of all ages motivated by their faith to engage in politics. It is the most intensive effort yet by a Democratic candidate to reach out to self-identified evangelical or born-again Christians and to try to pry them away from their historical attachment to the Republican Party.

Yes, Obama has been a campaign rockstar. But can he be a Christian rockstar?

*Updated: Obama just delivered a speech in Zanesville, Ohio, in which he touted the value of faith-based programs:

The fact is, the challenges we face today – from saving our planet to ending poverty – are simply too big for government to solve alone. We need all hands on deck.

Obama and Bush’s evangelicals * Read More »

Joe Klein’s dual-loyalty assertion for Jews

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Time’s Joe Klein

Yeah, I’m late to this story, but talk about shaking a hornet’s nest. Last week, Time’s Joe Klein made claims about the Iraq war that has bloggers buzzing, burning,foaming, fuming and, a few, applauding. The reason: his blog post’s penultimate paragraph included some juicy charges of Jewish dual-loyalties prompting an unnecessary war. The Commentary folks—the clearest target of Klein’s attack—took particular issue, and Anti-Defamation League chief Abe Foxman has since chastised Klein.

Here is what Klein, who is Jewish, wrote in that Swampland paragraph:

The notion that we could just waltz in and inject democracy into an extremely complicated, devout and ancient culture smacked—still smacks—of neocolonialist legerdemain. The fact that a great many Jewish neoconservatives—people like Joe Lieberman and the crowd over at Commentary—plumped for this war, and now for an even more foolish assault on Iran, raised the question of divided loyalties: using U.S. military power, U.S. lives and money, to make the world safe for Israel. And then there is the question—made manifest by the no-bid contracts offered U.S. oil companies by the Iraqis—of two oil executives, Bush and Cheney, securing a new source of business for their Texas buddies.

Later that day, Klein added this response to his critics:

You want evidence of divided loyalties? How about the “benign domino theory” that so many Jewish neoconservatives talked to me about—off the record, of course—in the runup to the Iraq war, the idea that Israel’s security could be won by taking out Saddam, which would set off a cascade of disaster for Israel’s enemies in the region? As my grandmother would say, feh! Do you actually deny that the casus belli that dare not speak its name wasn’t, as I wrote in February 2003, a desire to make the world safe for Israel? Why the rush now to bomb Iran, a country that poses some threat to Israel but none—for the moment—to the United States…

First off, the drumbeat for war with Iran, which I would argue had a lot more to do with protecting Israel than invading Iraq, has cooled. As for the issue of dual-loyalty, maybe Klein was ignorant about how sensitive Jews are to this charge, a major source of global anti-Semitism, long before Jonathan Pollard and even 1948. That, however, is not the question that needs to be answered. The real question is: Was Klein’s assessment correct?

Clearly, most of President Bush’s closest defense and foreign-policy advisers were neoconservatives. Many also were Jewish. But to say that Wolfowitz and Feith were neoconservatives because they were Jewish is as strained an argument as saying Tonya Harding became a screwed up skater/person because her mom allegedly dragged her off the ice by her hair (and as strained as that analogy). The Joint Chiefs of Staff, not Jewish. Donald Rumsfeld, not Jewish. Dick Cheney, not Jewish. You get the picture.

More importantly, American foreign policy for the past almost four decades has held that Israel’s best interest is in the U.S.‘s best interest. In other words, if the protection of the Jewish state from Saddam’s whims played a role in the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq—an ill-advised act at that—it likely has as much to do with American policy as American Jewish interest or, as Joe Klein called it, dual loyalty.

This foreign-policy finger-pointing makes a column my editor wrote in 2002 seem all the more prescient. It was titled, “The Jewish War,” and it wasn’t about Judas Maccabeus. It was about my editor, Rob Eshman, noticing a lot of mainstream voices—not just conspiracy theorist Pat Buchanan but “Hardball’s” Chris Matthews and The Nation, for example—referring to Bush’s pro-war advisers mainly as Jews.

Whether you agree with the planned invasion of Iraq or not, to call it a war fomented by American Jewry to serve Israel’s interests is ludicrous. For one, American Jewish legislators are divided on the issue. While Sen. Joseph Lieberman (D-Conn.) is a strong supporter, Sen. Carl Levin (D-Mich.), who chairs the important Senate Armed Services Committee, has consistently urged caution. Jewish groups are divided as well. All strongly oppose Saddam, but no major group has reached a consensus on the use of force to bring about his downfall or on unilateral action against him. And it’s fair to point out—as long as Matthews and others are checking IDs here—that the focus on Iraq is the policy of a Christian president, his mostly Christian advisers, his Christian Cabinet and a largely Christian Congress acting at the behest of a majority of their Christian constituents.

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But should America get sucked into a debilitating conflict, if Israel appears to have gained strategic ground at the expense of large numbers of American lives, the fringe will move onto center stage, and the calls to label Bush’s policy a Jewish war will rouse us, sharply and painfully, from our couches.

As I’ve written before, Jews clearly have mixed emotions when it comes to the place they call home. This is not a radical statement; it is reality. American Jews since the time of Haym Solomon have been blue-blooded patriots. But Israel, for many, will always be their spiritual home. Does this mean American Jews are loyal to both this country and that country? Of course. But does it mean that, as a point of policy, that Jews sacrifice one for the other? I don’t believe that for a minute—unless we are talking about giving up on Israel for the U.S. That is a quite common phenomenon.

Joe Klein’s dual-loyalty assertion for Jews Read More »

Jewish groups say Supreme Court’s decisions are a mixed bag

WASHINGTON (JTA)—Perhaps the most noteworthy development for Jewish groups that watch the Supreme Court was not what it decided this session, but what it decided not to decide.

In its 2007-08 session, which ended last week, the majority conservative court turned away a number of church-state cases where its decisions might have had a long-lasting impact in areas of traditional concern to Jews.

“The less church-state cases the Supreme Court takes, the better off we are,” said Jeff Sinensky, the counsel for the American Jewish Committee.

Otherwise it was a mixed bag, court watchers said, with an encouraging victory on the right of prisoners to request court review and a major defeat on gun control.

Most major Jewish organizations favor the liberal view in cases that come before the court, although Orthodox groups often join with conservative groups on some issues, particularly in the church-state area.

The narrow 5-4 votes in the decisions on prisoners and guns underscored a longer-term concern for most Jewish groups: Members of the court’s aging liberal minority are likelier than the more youthful conservative bloc to leave during the next president’s term.

On the right of detainees to demand judicial review—the principle of habeas corpus—which was decided in a case brought by accused terrorists in Guantanamo Bay, Nancy Ratzan, the president of the National Council of Jewish Women, said, “We were relieved that we got five votes on habeas, and deeply concerned about five votes that hung together in the gun case.”

The court last week struck down a strict District of Columbia ban on handgun ownership in a case that brought the greatest number of friend-of-the-court briefs from Jewish groups of any this session.

Briefs were filed by AJCommittee, the American Jewish Congress, the Religious Action Center of Reform Judaism and the NCJW.

Marc Stern, the counsel for AJCongress, said Jews overwhelmingly support gun control because they tend to live and work in urban areas, where support for gun control is strong and gun violence proliferates.

The extent of the court decision’s impact was unclear, Stern said, because it targeted one of the strictest gun bans in the nation. New York City laws, for instance, do not ban handguns but require that owners show a special need for the weapon.

He said the court’s decision was narrow enough that it might not affect such a ban.

“What this means is full employment for lawyers for the next couple of years,” said Stern, who anticipated a flurry of challenges to gun laws across the nation.

The close decisions underscored the importance of the court as an issue in the 2008 election, said Barbara Weinstein, the legislative director at Reform’s Religious Action Center.

The average age of the four justices who tend to vote liberal is 75.

“More organizations in the Jewish community should be speaking out on nominations on the federal level,” she said.

Federal court decisions often do not come before the Supreme Court or are turned away. One of President Bush’s signal successes has been to stack the federal courts with conservative appointees.

“The cases that came down this term are going to affect us for a generation or more,” Weinstein said.

The NCJW has led an often lonely battle against such nominations throughout Bush’s two terms in office.

Ratzan said a decision in the previous session upholding a ban on late-term abortions made the composition of the courts “one of the three priorities” Jews should bring into the polling booth this year.

“What we do in this election is decide the legacy for our children,” she said.

The Jewish court watchers agreed that this session was not as damaging as the last to issues of concern to Jewish civil rights groups. The court ended the 2006-07 session by striking down the right of individuals to challenge funding for religion that does not directly affect them.

This session the court turned away a number of challenges to lower-court decisions on church-state issues. Among them, one upheld New York City’s decision to allow schools to display a menorah but not a creche. Another upheld a California library’s decision not to allow prayer sessions.

“The court was not willing to take the plunge” into church-state issues this session, Stern said.

Why the court chooses to take up one issue during a particular session and ignore it in the next has always been a mystery. The nine judges closely guard their decision-making process.

The decision to join the alleged terrorists at Guantanamo in challenging the Bush administration’s denial of habeas corpus rights marked the Jewish establishment’s rejoining with civil liberties groups after a number of years of silence on such issues.

Jewish groups, sensitive to the threat of terrorism, had limited their challenges of the Bush administration after the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001.

By voting to allow the detainees at Guantanamo habeas corpus rights, the court was “trying to find the right balance on security and civil liberties,” said Steven Freeman, the Anti-Defamation League’s director of legal affairs.

The AJCongress praised the decision but did not contribute an amicus brief, reflecting continued ambivalence over how to fight terrorism, Stern said. The group did not want to be identified with some commentators who insist that terrorism is best handled as a criminal matter, he said.

“Criminal law alone can’t deal with Hezbollah, Hamas and al-Qaida,” he said.

There were mixed results in other civil liberties decisions, the groups said.

The ADL and AJCommittee were disappointed by the decision to uphold an Indiana law requiring voter identification. They said the ruling would adversely affect the poor, minorities and the elderly, who are less likely to have driver’s licenses.

Conversely, the court upheld the right of fired employees to file suits alleging retaliation for bringing discrimination lawsuits.

Jewish groups say Supreme Court’s decisions are a mixed bag Read More »

New UC president keeps kosher, loves Israel

The new president of the University of California’s 10 campuses and 220,000 students keeps a kosher home, lectures on Maimonides’ “Guide for the Perplexed” as intellectual stimulation and spends Yom Kippur at the synagogue.

It might not be enough.

“The higher I rise in the administration, the more difficult it is to do all my atoning in one day,” Mark Yudof observes.

He is also an unabashed supporter of Israel, where he is spending the week of June 30-July 7 as co-leader of a high-powered group of American university presidents and chancellors.

Barely a week on the job, and facing a bruising budget battle, Yudof took time out for a wide-ranging interview, a good part focusing on the writings of Moses Maimonides, the great medieval philosopher and biblical interpreter.

After holding the top job at the University of Texas, and before that at the University of Minnesota, Yudof, 63, arrived in California, “with 19 sets of dishes,” to take the helm of the world’s leading public research university and its $18 billion operating budget.

He came as “an energizer, outgoing, who at meetings rarely lets a moment pass without a quip,” a Texas newspaper reported.

Yudof’s self-description adds to the picture.

“I am what I am. I have my weird sense of humor and I’m proud of it. What I’ve found works best for me is transparency, being direct and being honest,” he said.

As president, a Jew and veteran law professor, widely recognized as an authority on constitutional law and freedom of expression, Yudof faces one problem widely reported in the media.

Over the past five years, Jewish students and spokespersons have repeatedly charged that the administration on the UC Irvine campus, now headed by Chancellor Michael Drake, has failed to protect Jewish students against hate speech and intimidation by invited outside speakers and Muslim student groups.

Yudof said he was aware of the hate speech charges, adding that for him, “It is an excruciating conflict when people demean everything that Judaism stands for. Some of these speakers and what they say drive me to distraction, and I hate it,” noting that he had encountered anti-Semitism as a youth and on a couple of occasions in his academic career.

“On the other hand,” he added, “I teach constitutional law, and I have a deep commitment to the First Amendment, which has served us well over time. How do you reconcile that as a Jewish man? It is horrendously difficult.”

As co-leader of the American Jewish Committee’s Project Interchange trip to Israel, Yudof, even before he became UC president, had invited Drake to be part of the group, and thinks the experience will be beneficial for both of them.

At the same time, Yudof warmly defended Drake.

“I’ve had several conversations with the chancellor, and he has a great heart and enormous sympathy for the Jewish people,” he said. “He is a mensch. Because I take anti-Semitism so personally, I think I can give him some good advice.”

Yudof said he will discuss the issue when he addresses the Hadassah National Convention in Los Angeles on July 14.

Yudof faces somewhat the same conflict between his official duties and personal feelings in handling the problem of UC students who want to study in Israel for a year.

imageThe university’s official Education Abroad Program in Israel was suspended in 2002, following a U.S. State Department’s travel warning for the area.

Although UC has recently come up with some roundabout alternatives, these are cumbersome and make it difficult to assure academic credit for the Israeli courses.

After Yudof returned from an Israel trip last summer, he urged Hillel students at the University of Texas to study in the Jewish state, so his personal sentiments are clear.

Questioned on this issue, Yudof quickly agreed that Israel is a safe place and put the responsibility for the problem on Washington.

“I had the same difficulty at the University of Minnesota,” he said. “We need to talk seriously with the State Department and get officials to revise the rules.”

Yudof was born in Philadelphia, the son of an electrician. Despite his long academic career, he has never quite lost his taste for the blue-collar lifestyle, which includes frequent meals at pancake diners.

“I’m always looking for the perfect pancake,” he said.

His forebears on both sides came to America from Ukraine in the 1890s and over the generations went from Orthodox to atheism to Conservative Judaism.

“I’m much more religious than my grandfather,” he said.

Yudof joined the flagship campus of the University of Texas at Austin in 1971 as assistant professor of law, rising over the following 26 years to full professor and dean.

After a five-year stint as University of Minnesota president, Yudof returned to Texas in 2002, this time as chancellor of the multicampus system.

He credits his wife Judy (the couple has two adult children) with intensifying his Jewish observance and connection, inside and outside the house.

She is the immediate past international president of the United Synagogue of Conservative Judaism, representing 760 synagogues, the first woman to hold the post in the organization’s 93-year history.

When she assumed the presidency, she bluntly told reporters, “I didn’t decide to run because I’m a woman, but because I have the leadership skills.”

She currently serves on the council of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C., and on the international board of Hillel.

“Judy went to Israel quite often, and I went along as the bozo on her arm,” Yudof recalled. “About 20 years ago, Judy said she didn’t feel right about not keeping kosher at home, so we made the change. I’ve had no problem with it except for all those dishes when we move.”

Outside the home, Yudof eats nonkosher food, except for pork.

New UC president keeps kosher, loves Israel Read More »

From klezmer to country — linking the soundtracks

NASHVILLE (JTA)—An international conference on country music may seem an unlikely place to find someone like me. For nearly two decades, I’ve been known for my writing on Jewish issues. But here I was recently in Music City USA taking part in a gathering of academics and other experts, presenting a paper called “Sturm, Twang and Sauerkraut Cowboys: Country Music and Wild Western Spaces in Europe.”

My paper examined the way American-style country music forms the soundtrack for a colorful and multifaceted “Imaginary Wild West” in Europe. It had nothing to do with Jews or Judaism. Still, the trajectory I took to get here was in fact deeply rooted in my work on Jewish culture, heritage and identity.

How’s that? I’ve been exploring this Imaginary Wild West for several years now, spending time all over Europe at Wild West theme parks, rodeos, saloons, ranches, country music festivals and other events and venues.

I have seen how these places—and the states of mind that go with them—form “Wild Western spaces” inhabited by thousands of Europeans who feel perfectly at home amid the star-spangled Americana. I have seen people in Germany, France, Italy, Austria, Poland and other countries dressed like cowboys, trappers or even Native Americans. And I have seen how local European artists singing and writing in their own languages take American country music, transform it and make it their own.

One catalyst for this project was my post-Sept. 11, 2001 desire to explore how Europeans view the United States. But in many ways, my interest grew directly out of the years I’ve spent investigating and interpreting how non-Jews in Europe relate to Jewish culture in countries where, more than half a century after the Holocaust, few Jews live today.

I coined the term “virtually Jewish” to describe how non-Jews adopt, enact and transform elements of Jewish culture and how they use “things Jewish” to create, mold or find their own identities. How they, in fact, help fill what has been described as a “Jewish space” that endures in Europe, even in the absence of actual Jews.

Klezmer music—not country and western—forms the soundtrack to this process, and indeed, klezmer musicians on the Continent today are often non-Jews playing to non-Jewish audiences.

Major differences exist, of course, between the “virtually Jewish” phenomenon and Europe’s Imaginary Wild West. One has to do with a real, traumatic issue: coming to terms with the Holocaust and its still potent and painful legacy. The other is the embrace and elaboration of a collective fantasy and its translation into personal experience.

But both phenomena have to do with identity and the ways people embrace or use other cultures to shape their own sense of themselves. Stereotypes and preconceptions play prominent roles in both, too. What is meant or signified by “Jewish” or “Western” or “Native American” or “frontier” can be paramount: concepts or dreams rather than living, breathing realities.

There are few Jews in country music. The best known is Kinky Friedman, the satiric singer/songwriter who led an iconoclastic group called the Texas Jewboys and became famous for his ironic one-liners and flamboyant quest for the Texas governorship.

Given my own interests, I found it fitting that a paper at the Nashville country music conference was dedicated to his work. It aptly described Friedman as a satirist who at the same time was a romantic idealist. Dressed in black cowboy clothes and chomping a stogie, Friedman creates his own virtual world where cliche is often king.

In his best work, though, he cuts through myth, playing with stereotypes in a subversive, sometimes outrageous manner that dangles and discards preconceptions about cowboys, the Wild West, country music—and Jews.

My favorite Friedman song is the extraordinary “Ride’em Jewboy.” The lyrics are exquisite. Friedman uses the familiar, even hackneyed imagery of a Wild West cattle drive—a corral, wild ponies, a campfire, a roundup—to create a elegiac evocation of the Holocaust and the Jewish Diaspora. In effect, he uses collective fantasy to confront real trauma.

“Ride, ride, ride, ride ‘em Jewboy,
Ride ‘em all around the old corral.
I’m with you, I’m with you boy
If I’ve got to ride six million miles.”

Willie Nelson, the western icon whose “heroes have always been cowboys,” recorded a deceptively simple cover version of this song. Sung in Nelson’s unmistakable raspy twang and backed by a harmonica and clip-clopping hoofbeats, it perfectly captures the interplay of history, emotion and dreams.

“I’ve seen five people cry listening to Willie sing ‘Ride ‘Em Jewboy,’ all of them non-Jews,” Friedman once told an interviewer. “He sings it like a cowboy song, with no ax to grind, no agenda.”

Ruth Ellen Gruber’s books include “National Geographic Jewish Heritage Travel: A Guide to Eastern Europe,” “Virtually Jewish: Reinventing Jewish Culture in Europe” and “Letters from Europe (and Elsewhere).” A 2006 Guggenheim Fellow, she has written for The New York Times, the International Herald Tribune and many other publications.

From klezmer to country — linking the soundtracks Read More »